My Future in Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Future in Safety Management - Essay Example There is a demand for safety specialists with the understanding of management issues; this will only increase my marketability within the career field I have chosen.("American Society of Safety Engineers") I think having the chance to supervise and oversee safety programs and make a difference in my field is inspiring. There are so many industries where the skills I possess, and continue to develop, might be welcomed into. From healthcare to engineering and mining to manufacturing, the possibilities are extreme. I do not think I have made a final decision as to which industry I will enter as yet. However, the income potential for such positions is very encouraging as well. The yearly earnings can range from $30,000 to $150,000 depending on the demand. This financial security with potential for growth is, also, a fantastic incentive within all the industries, as well.("Council on Practices and Standards") I found the PowerPoint presentation pertaining to goal setting to be very encouraging. The importance of setting short term goals that are realistic enough to achieve, so you will not be disappointed in yourself and become disenchanted with ones career pursuits. I think that reminding goals setters, not only, to provide a goal, but be certain that goal has a deadline. If there is no deadline then there is no consequence for not staying on course with your goal’s proper completion. Lastly, the statement that caught my attention, primarily, for its brazen common sense; â€Å"People plan their vacation more than they plan their life.

Experiment Results Essay Example for Free

Experiment Results Essay Predict Question 1: What effect will the saline injections have on the control rats vertebral bone density? Your answer : a. The saline injections will increase the rats vertebral bone density (indicated by a less-negative T score). Predict Question 2: What effect will the estrogen injections have on the estrogen-treated rats vertebral bone density? Your answer : a. The estrogen injections will increase the rats vertebral bone density (indicated by a less-negative T score). Predict Question 3: What effect will the calcitonin injections have on the calcitonin-treated rats vertebral bone density? Your answer : a. The calcitonin injections will increase the rats vertebral bone density (indicated by a less-negative T score). You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly. 1. Saline injections were used in this experiment to measure the effect of You correctly answered: c. a placebo on bone density. 2. In the ovariectomized rats used in this experiment You correctly answered: d. osteoporosis was evident prior to the injections of estrogen. 3. Injection of calcitonin into an ovariectomized rat will You correctly answered: b. inhibit osteoclast activity and stimulate calcium uptake and deposition in long bones. 4. As the rats bone density increases You correctly answered: a. the X-ray scanning assay reports a less-negative T-score.

Food in Mary Rowlandsons The Sovereignty and Goodness of God Essay

Food in Mary Rowlandson's The Sovereignty and Goodness of God "Food is a medium for life, a dynamic of life, and an expression of the whims, joys, terrors, and histories in life. Food, more than anything else, is life." - Anonymous Neither life nor culture can be sustained without food. On a very basic level, food is fundamentally essential for life, not simply to exist, but also to thrive. A means by which carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, nutrients, and calories are introduced into the body, food is a mechanism of survival. However, on a more abstract level, food is also fundamentally essential for culture by establishing its perimeters and dimensions and in shaping its authenticity and character. Food becomes the carbohydrates and calories that maintain any culture. Food offers a dynamic cross-section of man's tendencies. "Nourishment, a basic biological need," argues anthropologist Sidney Mintz, "becomes something else because we humans transform it symbolically into a system of meaning for much more than itself" (7). By examining food consumption and preparation, much is discoverd regarding the intricacies of culture. The preparation and consumption of food in Puritan society are reflect ed in Mary Rowlandson's The Sovereignty and Goodness of God. Rowlandson's view of food and admissions of hunger in the infancy of her captivity cast a revealing light upon the roots of her conceptions and ideas about food and, more generally, about her culture's conceptions and ideas about food. As the conflict between her soul and her stomach raged over food, Rowlandson's attitudes toward the Native Americans' preparation and consumption of food reflect the socialization of the Puritans to believe that every meal ... ... Mary Caroline. The Days of the Pilgrim Fathers. Detroit: Singing Tree Press, 1970. [secondary source] Geree, John. "The Character of an Old English Puritan, or Non-Conformist." 17th Century Primary Source Documents <http://www.orst.edu/dept/history/primary17.htm> Accessed 21 May 2001. [primary source] Goodwin, Lorinda B. R. An Archeology of Manners: The Polite World of the Merchant Elite of Colonial Massachusettes. Boston: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999. [secondary source] Mintz, Sidney W. Tasting Food, Tasting Freedom: Excursions into Eating, Culture, and the Past. Boston: Beacon Press, 1996. [secondary source] Mizruchi, Susan L. "The Place of Ritual in Our Time." American Literary History 12, no. 3 (2000): 467-492. [secondary source] Rowlandson, Mary. The Sovereignty and Goodness of God. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997.

Critically Evaluate the Contributions of Functionalism to the Study of Society Essay

Critically evaluate the contributions of functionalism to the study of society. Functionalist theory is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It can be argued that the functionalist theory has made a significant contribution to the study of society. It originates from the work of Emile Durkheim who suggests that social order is possible and society remains stable due to the functioning of several institutions. Everything has a specific function in society and society will always function in harmony. The main institutions studied by functionalism are the family, the education system, religion and crime and deviance. Murdock argues that the family performs four basic functions in all societies – sexual, reproductive, economic and educational. These four basic functions are essential for social life since without the sexual and reproductive functions there would be no members of society, without the economic function life would cease and without education there would be no socialisation or culture. Without these four basic functions human society could not survive. The family does not perform these functions alone however it makes important contributions to them all. Murdock is often criticised for his picture of the family as he did not consider whether its functions could be performed by other social institutions and he does not examine alternatives to the family. Equally, Murdock illustrates the nuclear family as very harmonious and perfect. There are many ill-functioning families in society which Murdock fails to examine and explain. What is the function of families when the husband and wife fail to have an integrated division of labour and have a healthy sexual relationship? Talcott Parsons offers an alternative view of the functions of the family and suggests it serves two purposes: primary socialisation and the stabilisation of the adult personality. Primary socialisation refers to socialisation during the early years of childhood, which take place mainly within the family. This is important in contributing to society as our parents supposedly bring their offspring up to grow to be well-behaved, obedient individuals with the right values to help society function. The stabilisation of adult personalities emphasises on the marriage relationship and emotional security the couple provides for each other. This acts to counteract the stresses of everyday life and keep the personality stable. Parsons claims that the family therefore provides a context in which husband and wife can express their childish feelings, give and receive emotional support, recharge their batteries and so stabilise their personalities. However, Parsons’ views on the family are criticised for being incomplete and idealising the family with his picture of well-adjusted children and sympathetic spouses caring for each other unconditionally. It is a over-optimistic and modernist and has little relationship to reality, because as mentioned before, not all families function perfectly. Similarly to Murdock, Parsons also fails to examine alternatives to the family which may provide the same functions for the development of society. The overall functionalist theory on the family is criticised by Marxism, feminists and some postmodernists. A Marxist would argue that the function of the family is to serve capitalism. Some feminists would argue that the function of the family is for women to serve men and that families are so diverse it is hard to argue that the family has a purpose. Some postmodernists suggest that the nuclear family is not as common as it seems and that there are now many diversities of families due to cultural and social changes. These views are clearly in conflict with the views of functionalism; therefore it allows us to question their validity. Functionalism also has its set of views on the education system. Emile Durkheim claimed that the main function of education was to transmit society’s norms and values through generations. Social solidarity is essential for the welding of mass individuals into a united whole. Functionalists such as Durkheim argue that education builds a sense of commitment and belonging to a society and a belief that the whole of society is more important than a single individual. Durkheim argued, ‘to become attached to society, they will come to see that they are part of something larger themselves; they will develop a sense of commitment to the social group’. Durkheim also claimed that the school serves a function which cannot be provided by the family the peer group. Individuals must learn to cooperate with those who are neither their family nor their friends. In this way, children learn to respect authority figures, such as teachers, and get along with other members of society they would be forced to interact with in later life such as bosses and colleagues. These social interactions are essential for keeping society harmoniously balanced and functioning. Durkheim claimed that along with teaching us to interact with different social groups, education serves to strictly reinforce school rules and ensure that children realise that these should be followed. Punishments should reflect the seriousness of the damage done to the social group by the offence and teach individuals that it is wrong to act against the interests of the social group as a whole. In Durkheim’s words: ‘it is by respecting the school rules that the child learns to respect rules in general, that he develops the habit of self-control and restraint simply because he should control and restrain himself. It is the first initiation into the austerity of duty. Serious life has now begun’. Durkheim finally argues that education teaches individuals specific skills necessary for their future occupations. Schools transmit both general values which provide the necessary skills for social survival. Industrial society is united by value consensus and a specialised division of labour whereby specialists combine to produce goods and services. Education is essential for this because it trains individuals to develop the skills which will be useful for their future occupations. In the current education system children are given the opportunity to learn technical and practical skills as well as academic skills which all come together to help society function. However, Durkheim is criticised for several reasons. Firstly, he assumes that societies have a shared culture which can be transmitted through the education system. Britain for example is now multi-cultural and it is therefore debatable whether there is a single culture on which schools could base their curriculum. If a school bases their curriculum on a single culture they are often accused of ethnocentrism, which is a difficult issue to overcome when schools bring together children of many different cultural backgrounds and ethnicities. Secondly, his views on the education system are in conflict with those of Marxism, which argues that education serves to transmit a dominant culture and serve the interests of the ruling class rather than the members of society as a whole. Finally, functionalism has its views on the way crime and deviance applies to society. Functionalism looks at society as a whole and looks for the source of deviance in the nature of society rather than in the individual. Social control mechanisms such as the police and courts are argued to be necessary to keep order in society. Durkheim argues that crime is inevitable because not every member of society can be equally committed to the collective sentiments of society. Durkheim also claims that crime can be functional because all social change begins with some form of deviance and a certain amount of social change is healthy for society. Merton, 1968, argued that deviance results from the culture and structure of society itself. Since members in society are placed in different positions in the social structure, for example different social classes, they do not all have equal opportunities. This situation can generate deviance – for example, members of the lower classes, such as the working or under class may resort to crime due to their position in the social structure because they are deprived of things essential for survival. Merton also outlined the five responses to cultural goals: conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. The first way in which society can respond to cultural goals is through conformity. Members of society conform both to success goals and to the normative means of reaching them. They strive for success by accepted means. The second response is innovation in which individuals reject normative means of reaching success and turn to deviant means such as crime. Merton argues that members of the lower social strata are more likely to select this route to success. Merton claims that they have little access to conventional and legitimate means of becoming successful. Low qualifications mean little opportunity for jobs and advancement since their route to success is blocked. Therefore they turn to crime, which promises greater rewards than legitimate means. Membership of the lower social strata is not alone enough to produce deviance however – pressures from society contribute to an individuals need to deviate. The third response is known as ritualism. Those who select this as an alternative are deviant because they have largely abandoned the commonly held success goals. Members of the lower middle class who have less opportunity than other members of the middle class are likely to take the path of ritualism. However, they have been strongly socialised to conform to social norms so they do not turn to crime. They scale down or abandon their success goals. Ritualists are deviant because they have rejected the success goals held by most members of society. The fourth and least common response is retreatism which applies to ‘psychotics, chronic alcoholics and drug addicts’. They have strongly internalised both the cultural goals and institutionalised means, however they are unable to achieve success. They resolve their situation by abandoning both the goals and the means of reaching them. They ‘drop out’ of society defeated and resigned by their failure. They are deviant in two ways: they have rejected both the cultural goals and the institutionalised means. The fifth and final response is rebellion. This involves both rejection of both success goals and institutionalised means and replaces them with their own different goals and means. They wish to create a new society. Merton says ‘it is typically members of a rising class rather than the most depressed strata who organise the resentful and the rebellious into a revolutionary group’. Hannon and Defronzo, 1998, carried out a study which gives empirical support for Merton’s five stages. In a study of 406 metropolitan counties in the USA, they found that those with higher levels of welfare provision had lower levels of crime. They argued that the welfare provision opened up opportunities for people to achieve the goal of material success. They argued that the welfare provision opened up opportunities for people to achieve the goal of material success through legitimate means and therefore reduced anomie and the crime which could result from it. However, critics have argued that Merton’s five stages neglect the power relationships in society as a whole within which deviance and conformity occur. Taylor, 1971, criticised Merton for not carrying out his analysis far enough and failing to consider who makes the laws and who benefits from them. The whole game may have been rigged by the powerful with rules that guarantee their success. These rules may be the laws of society. Merton is also criticised for being deterministic because it fails to explain why some people who experience effects of anomie do not become criminals or deviant. It over-exaggerates working-class crime and underestimates middle-class and white collar crime. Furthermore, Taylor, Walton and Young, 1973, criticise that Merton’s theory cannot account for politically motivated criminals such as freedom fighters who break the law because of commitment to their cause rather than the effects of anomie. In conclusion, functionalism has made great contribution to the study of society as it offers explanations for the functions of the major institutions in society. However, the whole functionalist theory is based around the idea that these institutions serve to keep society functioning and harmonious. Almost all their ideas are criticised by Marxism, which suggests the complete opposite – that all institutions serve the interests of the ruling class and capitalism rather than serving the needs of the general members of society as a whole. As shown above, we can compare perspectives such as Marxism, feminism and postmodernism with functionalism to assess its advantages and disadvantages. The functionalist theory is an important perspective widely covering most aspects of society, however it falls flat where it is criticised for being too deterministic and failing to consider the chaos and disorganisation in society.

Parameters for a Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis

ANSYS Fluent is technology package for computational fluid kineticss which enables mathematical modeling of the physical theoretical account. It can be used to analyze fluid flow, heat transportation and a broad scope of other industrial application jobs by executing â€Å"numerical experiments† ( computing machine simulations ) in a â€Å"virtual flow laboratory† . The package is extensively used throughout the universe. It can be used for new construct mold, every bit good as the betterment of bing 1s. One advantage of the package is that it is able to work out complex 3-D jobs where the physical forces and flow features are sometimes impossible to mensurate ; accordingly provide speedy, efficient, more accurate and dependable consequences. As mentioned before, this methodological analysis is based on using the physical theoretical account to a scaly geometry that represents the existent theoretical account system. Subsequently, all surfaces and volumes of the sphere are meshed. The full mesh is exported to ANSYS Fluent for the numerical solution of Navier-Stokes equation. Followed by the model been delegating to the boundary conditions necessary for the stuff and thermic belongingss. The theoretical account re-produces the existent atmospheric conditions that the system is subjected to during the clip that is simulated. Project’s efficiency is improved for undertakings by analyzing little alterations in parametric quantities and CFD expends less clip than building a existent paradigm and proving. One of the chief purposes of CFD simulation is to analyse the existent thermic behaviours of the proposed system with fewer resources in less clip. In this undertaking, the CFD package bundle of ANSYS FLUENT version 15.0 is selected as the computational package for imitating the physical theoretical account. This is because it is the package widely used by research workers internationally in the country of thermic wall research and besides suggested by the supervisor ( ANSYS UK Ltd, 2012 ) . The computational theoretical account is developed based on a proposed physical life infinite theoretical account in Sydney with a H2O wall system.3.2.1 Heat Balance and Governing EquationsHeat balance:The H2O wall theoretical account set up is based on the heat balance method where the temperature fluctuation for H2O is tantamount for both paradigm and theoretical account. There are a few premises made for this method:The H2O is well-mixed ab initio at a unvarying surface temperatureHeat flux moving on the surface is changelessDiffuse radiating surfaceThe thermic energy radiated on wall surface is transferred to H2O, with no heat loss to en vironing walls.Regulating equations:The heat transportation and air flow in this theoretical account is chiefly governed by partial non-linear differential equations, which stand foring the preservation of mass ( continuity ) , impulse and energy ( heat ) . These equations are so solved numerically based on the project’s geometry, boundary scenes and runing conditions. In this undertaking, the preservation equations for laminar flow are described below with concise account on each.Conservation of mass ( besides known as continuity equation ) : this equation ensures that the mass is conserved when fluid is in gesture. Equation ( 1 ) below is a general signifier of the continuity equation.( 1 )Conservation of impulse: the equation is shown below as Equation ( 2 ) .This equation rises from using Newton’s 2nd jurisprudence to the fluid gesture, where the rate of alteration of impulse peers the amount of the forces. The entire impulse of a system remains changeless.( 2 )Con servation of energy: this equation refers to the first jurisprudence of thermodynamics, where the rate of alteration of energy of a fluid partial is equal to the rate of heat add-on plus the rate of work done. In other words, for this undertaking the energy equation histories for the heat act on the undertaking. There are many ways of showing the energy equation, one signifier is as shown in Equation ( 3 )( 3 )3.2.2 Geometry and Boundary ConditionsGeometry:The conventional diagram of the analysis theoretical account considered in this paper is illustrated in Figure3-2, modeled with ANSYS Fluent. The theoretical account is developed from an false physical paradigm by ignoring the structural characteristics. In order to simplify the job, the geometry of this system is specified as planar and constructed on the X, Y plane. The theoretical account geometry is scaled down to 200mm*200mm in general infinite with a thermic storage wall and two gaps as air recess and mercantile establishmen t ( shown in ruddy ) . All wall thicknesses are neglected in this state of affairs, which indicates the walls have zero heat conductivity opposition. There are three chief parts in this theoretical account: the air channel ( A ) , inactive solar wall ( B ) and indoor life infinite ( C ) , besides illustrated in Figure 3-2. The thermic wall is set as 30mm*100mm. The intermediate infinite between the thermic wall and the glazing or the canal breadth is set for 20mm and the stuff to construction the thermic storage wall is H2O.Boundary Conditionss:The lone un-insulated surface is the interface between the thermic wall and the air channel. The other beds are insulated to either increase the thermic opposition or prevent to heat from reassigning into the internal infinite. Note that the heat flux is originally designed to move on the exterior H2O wall surface ( the surface between A and B on Figure 3-2 ) , where this surface is besides an interface between H2O and air. But mistakes occur if this interface is subjected to external heat beginning when operating in ANSYS FLUENT 15.0 bundle. Thus that in this survey, all interior wall surfaces including the roof and floor are set to be adiabatic ( under nothing heat flux ) while the thermic wall interior surface ( No. 19 on Figure 3-2 ) is capable to heat flux calculated based on the Sydney part historical informations shown in Appendix A ( Bom.gov.au, 2014 ) . However, the value of solar heat flux is non changeless during a twenty-four hours, and at this phase our cognition is non sufficient to execute a simulating based on the world parabolic behaviour of heat flux. The heat flux moving on the H2O wall for this undertaking is assumed as changeless. It is about impossible to make an accurate grading based on all fluid flow factors, to fulfill this, the H2O temperature will lift above 100EsC. To simplify the undertaking, the values are so scaled down to fulfill the theoretical account scenes by keep the same addition temperature addition rate in H2O wall. The grading computation is described below. Initially the standard temperature for the H2O wall and theoretical account room was set the same as 300K ( 26.85EsC ) . The air temperature at recess and mercantile establishment were besides assumed changeless and tantamount to the room air temperature to simplify the undertaking. By making this, heat flux is ensured as the lone force that initiates the full system. Other than the computational recess and mercantile establishment, the remainder of the surface boundaries are stationary walls under no-slip conditions. Resistance to flux due to friction along the surfaces is assumed negligible.3.2.3 Imitating Parameters ( Dimensional Analysis )From the published literature, many different parametric quantities can impact the public presentation of the H2O wall public presentation for air airing intent. As shown on Figure 3-3, there are many variables that can be investigated to optimise the H2O wall system public presentation such as wall tallness ( H ) , width ( B ) , intermediate infinite interval ( D ) and the heat flux strength moving on H2O wall surface. A dimensional analysis is performed to show the structural and mechanical parametric quantities that may impact the system public presentation. Buckingham theorem is the method used for dimensional analysis. First of wholly, a certain figure, â€Å"n† , of relevant dimensional physical variables are determined for this undertaking. These variables are inter-related and can be expressed via a functional relationship as shown in Equation 4, where Q stands for the mean volume flow rate at the mercantile establishment. ( 4 ) Followed by examine these parametric quantities and happen out the figure of cardinal dimensions, named â€Å"k† . Finally, by choosing â€Å"k† figure of reiterating variables, the staying ( n-k ) variables can organize ( n-k ) sets ofgroups. The elaborate working out is described in Appendix B. The solution indicates that for this undertaking analysis, there are n=16 variables, k=4 cardinal dimensions which form 12groups. Thesegroups are dimensionless groups that will impact the system public presentation. Consequently, The Buckingham Theorem consequence indicates that Q is a map of a set of dimensionless groups, which are shown below. ( 5 ) Due to constraint in clip and CFD cognition restriction at the current phase, in this survey, two factorsheat fluxstrengthandH2O wall thicknesshave been chosen as the simulating parametric quantities, therefore that the undertaking aims to analyze their effects on the system. Solar heat flux strength is one of the most widely research parametric quantity and besides the most conclusive. Research workers find that air velocity and temperature within the solar channel of the thermal wall system increases with increasing solar heat flux strength ( Budea, 2014 ) The 2nd parametric quantity is the H2O wall thickness ( breadth ) . Presently, research workers return assorted reappraisals on the influence of H2O wall’s tallness, but besides to observe that the tallness parametric quantity is non easy to command due to realistic structural limitations. Meanwhile, there has been really limited reappraisal on the effects H2O wall thickness parametric quantity by past research workers. Comparing to the H2O wall tallness, the thickness is considered as a comparatively easy parametric quantity to command. The above grounds explain why H2O wall thickness is selected as the 2nd simulating parametric quantity to analyze for this undertaking.3.2.4: Operating ConditionSolution Methods:As the air flow is driven by convection in the air chamber, the system is running under force per unit area based attack. When simulating, the force per unit area field is extracted by work outing a force per unit area rectification equation which is obtained by pull s tringsing the preservation of mass and impulse equations of the speed field ( Arc.vt.edu, 2014 ) . Since the government equations are non-linear, the solution procedure involves work outing the regulating equations repeatedly till the solution converges. In this theoretical account, the perkiness consequence of air is modeled under the Boussinesq estimate. This is because the phenomenon in the solar channel is natural convection under alterations in air temperature. This estimate is used to account for the denseness fluctuation. Thus the computational theoretical account considers denseness to be changeless except for the perkiness term in the impulse equation.Operating Parameters:As discussed before, the two parametric quantities interested are heat flux strength and H2O wall thickness. For the heat flux strength, the scaly upper limit summer heat flux is 112; where the minimal winter 55.7. Two other heat flux strengths are chosen for comparing. The values are taken mediate the upper limit and lower limit based on tantamount increase. Therefore, the concluding four values selected for this undertaking are 55.7, 74.593.2and 112. When analyzing the H2O wall thickness affects, the heat flux is set independent with a value of 89.2, which is the mean annual value calculated. Then the breadths selected for the H2O wall are 25mm, 30mm and 35 millimeter to compare public presentation of natural air airing of the undertaking theoretical account.3.2.5 Convergence Criteria and MeshingConvergence StandardsThis theoretical account uses 2neodymiumorder truth ( high declaration ) for the sing variables such as temperature and speed. All remainders are scaled and the convergence standard is said as reached when the default absolute value of the remainders are belowHowever it is of import to observe that a good initial conjecture by and large lead to a high scaled residuary and therefore the convergence standards can non be achieved. Hence after corroborating the solution conditions, a mesh independence trial is required to be performed to guarantee the solution is besides independent of the mesh. This is besides an extra c ritical standard to guarantee the consequences are dependable.Finite volume methodThe solution method employed in ANSYS FLUENT is known as the finite volume method under full-coupled convergent thinker. Full-coupled means that the system usually converges in less loop, but with each loop takes longer. This method operates as follows: First of wholly, the theoretical account sphere is discretized, through the usage of mesh, into a finite set of control volumes. Next, the three regulating equations discussed before ( preservation of mass, impulse and energy ) are integrated over each single control volume to make algebraic equations for the terra incognitas. Followed by all the equations developed all being solved to give updated consequences of the dependent variables. Consequently, an approximative value of each dependant variable at any points on the sphere can be obtained.Mesh Independency TestA all right mesh reduces the elaboration of mistakes during the extension of the solution. However, by bettering the truth of the simulation consequences through refinement mesh, the clip devouring for computational analysis is increased correspondingly. As a consequence, a mesh independence trial was performed to guarantee the appropriate mesh is used for this system. More specifically, this means that the mesh chosen is capable of bring forthing a comparatively accurate consequence but less clip devouring. Without executing the mesh independency trial, the solutions will hold a high opportunity of changing with the polish of mesh and this clearly is non acceptable for the undertaking. The polish procedure is repeated with incrementally reduced alternations in consequence until a solution that is independent of mesh is generated. The overall theoretical account sphere is foremost divided into 100*100 computational cells, and so traveling to 200*200, 400*400 cells for the mesh independence trial. The spheres near to interfaces were set with smaller grid spacing ( or finer mesh ) , the interior infinite set with larger grid spacing ( or courser mesh ) to better the truth. Two parametric quantities set as proctors are area-weighted mean temperature of the H2O wall and the mean volume flow rate at the mercantile establishment. There is no specific standard for the per centum difference between two back-to-back sets, but it is required to be moderately bantam to guarantee that no important effects take topographic point on the system when mesh alterations. The differences between the sets of consequences are analyzed in per centum by sing 400*400 engagement as mention. The consequences are besides expressed in x-y chart for better ocular comparing. The elaborate informations for mesh trial including the ocular comparing figures is shown in Appendix C. A comparing of consequences is shown in Table 3-2 below. By analyzing the consequences, it is observed that the differences between the 200*200 and 400*400 mesh are zero and less than 0.01 % for temperature and volume flow rate proctors severally. Therefore, it is believed that the 200*200 grid system has sensible imitating clip ingestion and can obtain good truth consequences for the undertaking. The mesh form is presented in Figure3-4. The observation gives the assurance that the fake solution is considered as independent of its grid.

Free Essays on Effects of Television Violence on Children

The Effects of Television Violence on Children What is wrong with our world these days? It seems like everywhere someone looks, violence tend to exist. We see it in streets, alleys, schools and even at home. The one that exist at home is the major source of violence. In many people’s homes there is an instrument for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and children who view it are often dragged into a world filled with bloodshed. Television violence causes children to be violent and the affects can be life long. Research shows that television is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. Some are fighting this problem, others are just ignoring it and hoping it will go away. Violent television viewing does affect children; and this information can’t be ignored. There are many number of cases to prove the effects of television violence destroying children’s minds. Not only does television violence affect the child’s youth, but it also affects his/her future. Many believe that exposure to these sort of violence might unnaturally sped up the child’s impact of the adult world. This can force the child into a premature maturity. The effects of television violence can be long lasting. Television violence can disrupt a child’s learning and thinking ability, which will cause long lasting problems. If a child cannot do well in school because of television, his/her whole future will be in jeopardy. Why do children like the violence that they see on television? I believe it is because the violence on television is more exciting and thrilling than the ones we encounter in real life. The television violence can cause actual violence in number of ways. One way would be; after viewing television violence the real world becomes weak and boring in comparison. Therefore the child will create violence to keep him/herself satisfied. The other reason why the enjoy television violence is that they f... Free Essays on Effects of Television Violence on Children Free Essays on Effects of Television Violence on Children The Effects of Television Violence on Children What is wrong with our world these days? It seems like everywhere someone looks, violence tend to exist. We see it in streets, alleys, schools and even at home. The one that exist at home is the major source of violence. In many people’s homes there is an instrument for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and children who view it are often dragged into a world filled with bloodshed. Television violence causes children to be violent and the affects can be life long. Research shows that television is definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. Some are fighting this problem, others are just ignoring it and hoping it will go away. Violent television viewing does affect children; and this information can’t be ignored. There are many number of cases to prove the effects of television violence destroying children’s minds. Not only does television violence affect the child’s youth, but it also affects his/her future. Many believe that exposure to these sort of violence might unnaturally sped up the child’s impact of the adult world. This can force the child into a premature maturity. The effects of television violence can be long lasting. Television violence can disrupt a child’s learning and thinking ability, which will cause long lasting problems. If a child cannot do well in school because of television, his/her whole future will be in jeopardy. Why do children like the violence that they see on television? I believe it is because the violence on television is more exciting and thrilling than the ones we encounter in real life. The television violence can cause actual violence in number of ways. One way would be; after viewing television violence the real world becomes weak and boring in comparison. Therefore the child will create violence to keep him/herself satisfied. The other reason why the enjoy television violence is that they f...

How to Write Dialogue Master List of Dialogue Punctuation Tips

How to Write Dialogue Master List of Dialogue Punctuation Tips How to Write Dialogue: Master List of Dialogue Punctuation Tips Learning how to write dialogue can be tough for some without the right guidance.But unless you plan on writing a textbook, you must learn how to properly write dialoguesThe one thing most writers get wrong when they’re first starting out is proper dialogue format.Sure, you could leave that up to the editor, but the more work for your editor, the more expensive they’ll be.Plus, it’s important that, as serious writers and future authors, you know how to punctuate dialogue no matter what.That also means editors will be able to focus on more complex edits instead of just punctuation.Dialogue punctuation is complex and takes some time to learn, understand, and master.Here are some dialogue examples of each and how you would punctuate them.Writing Dialogue Example 1 Single LineSingle lines of dialogue are among the easiest to write and remember. The punctuation for this dialogue is simple:The quotations go on the outside of both the words and end 2 Single line with t agIn this case, â€Å"tag† means dialogue tag.A dialogue tag is anything that indicates who said what and in what way.Here are some common examples of dialogue tags:He saidShe whisperedThey bellowedHe holleredThey snipedShe huffedHe cooedThey respondedIn the example below, you can see that the dialogue tag goes on the outside of the quotations, while the comma goes on the inside.This is the case with any dialogue tags that are used. You can also see how this dialogue formatting works with different types of sentences and different dialogue tags.Note that the tag, when following a comma within the quotation marks, is lowercase,as its a part of the overall sentence.Writing Dialogue Example 3 QuestionsBecause a question mark seems like the end of a sentence, it’s easy for most writers to get the format for questions when writing dialogue wrong.But it’s actually pretty easy. Essentially, a question mark will be treated like a comma or period. What changes the forma tting most is what follows the dialogue.Here are some examples of writing questions in dialogue:Will you ever stop being a child? she asked.What about that man over there? he whispered, pointing in a old gentlemans direction. Doesnt he look odd too?Whats the big deal, anyway? she huffed.Below is a clear breakdown of formatting questions in dialogue.In this example above, you can see that if there is a dialogue tag, the question mark will act as a comma and you will then lowercase the first word in the dialogue tag (unless it’s a person’s name).However, if there is simply an action after the question, the question mark acts as a period and you will then capitalize the first word in the next sentence.Writing Dialogue Example 4 Tag, then single lineWhen it comes to formatting dialogue tags before your character speaks, it’s essentially the same as when they come after, except backward.As you can see in the example above, the dialogue tag is in front, followed by a comma outside of the quotations. Then the quotations appear when the sentence starts with that sentence’s punctuation inside the quotations at the end.Here are a few more examples of this type of dialogue, as its very common:They hung their head and mumbled, Its fine if you dont want me to come.She huffed, Well thats just great, isnt it?He drew in a long breath and spoke, Im just not sure what to do anymore.Writing Dialogue Example 5 Body language within lineThere are a couple different types of body language dialogue formats to learn.Dialogue Variation 1: This is when the actions your character is taking comes between lines of dialogue but after a sentence is complete. In real life, this would indicate someone pausing to complete the action.Heres what this dialogue example looks like:Are you sure we should go this weekend? She shoved the curtain aside, sneering at the greying clouds. It could be a mess out there.Whats the big deal, anyway? He yanked the sheet from the enve lope. Its not like you cared for her all that much.Lets go to the moon! She twirled, her pale pink dress lifting around her. We could make it, I know we could.Below is a detailed explanation of how you would format this type of dialogue:Variation 2: With this dialogue formatting, it’s different because this is when a character does something while they are speaking, instead of pausing like in variation 1. The action happens in the middle of a sentence and has to be formatted as such.Here are some dialogue examples of this formatting:Its really just 6 Single line getting cut offSomething that happens in real life (sometimes an irritatingly large amount) is getting cut off or interrupted when you’re speaking.This typically happens when someone either doesn’t care what you’re talking about or when two people are in an argument and end up speaking over one another.You can see in this example that you place an Em Dash ( 7 Dialogue tag in the middle of a line Another common type of dialogue. This is essentially a mix of a single line with a dialogue tag.Mostly, you will use this type in order to indicate who is talking if there are more than two and in order to keep the focus on the dialogue itself and not the character’s actions.Writing Dialogue Example 8 Paragraphs of dialogueThere are certain situations that call for a single character to speak for a long time. However, grammatically, not all of what they say will belong in the same paragraph.Here’s how you would write multiple paragraphs of dialogue:For writing dialogue paragraphs, you want to leave the quotations off the end of the paragraph and begin the next paragraph with them in order to indicate that the same person is just telling a long story.[NOTE: These dialogue rules apply for American English. Other parts of the world may use different dialogue formatting, including single quotations and more.]How to Write Dialogue That’s Realistic and EffectiveGreat dialogue is hard to get right. For something we do and hear every day, knowing what to make your characters say in order to move the plot forward and increase intrigue isn’t easy.But that’s why we’ve broken it down in easy steps for writing dialogue for you.Here are some of the best tips for writing dialogue that feels real but is also effective for moving your story forward.NOTE: Was that enough to push you to get started right now? Learn more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self 1: Dialogue tags in the front â€Æ'â€Æ'He spoke. â€Å"You’re one of the oddest people I know.† â€Æ'â€Æ'She replied, â€Å"Is that necessarily a bad thing?†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'â€Æ' He smiled. â€Å"I didn’t say it was a bad thing at all.† â€Æ'â€Æ'She laughed. â€Å"Good.†Bad Dialogue Example 2: Action within dialogueâ€Æ'â€Æ' â€Å"I’m just not sure† 3: Tags in the middleâ€Æ' â€Æ'â€Å"I really wish you would just talk to me,† Ada said. â€Å"This silent treatment isn’t helping anyone.†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'â€Æ'â€Å"It’s helping me,† he said. â€Å"Or does that not matter to you?†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'â€Æ'â€Å"Of course it matters to me,† she replied. â€Å"It’s just not solving the problem.†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'â€Æ'â€Å"I don’t think anything can solve this problem,† he murmured. â€Å"It’s permanent.† How to fix this: whenever you’re writing dialogue, switch the type of formatting you use in order to make it look and sound better. The more enjoyable it is to read, the more readers will become invested.One exception is when you have two characters going back and forth very quickly. In this case, a few lines of dialogue only, with no tags or anything, is acceptable.Fixing Dialogue Example: Variation is Keyâ€Æ'â€Æ'â€Å"I’m just not sure†- she grabbed a handful of see ds- â€Å"that you’re taking this seriously.†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'â€Æ' He weaved between the overgrown plants, pushing them aside.â€Å"Why would you think that?†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'â€Æ' â€Å"Becauseyou just ignore the important stuff unless it’s important to you only.†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'â€Æ'â€Å"That’s ridiculous.†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'â€Æ' â€Å"No.† She plunged her finger into the pot with soil, dropping in a few seeds. â€Å"It’s true.†What’s Next?We have something for you- for FREE.â€Å"More than what you’ve already given me in this blog post?† you ask.YES! Continuing to learn is what makes the difference between okay writers and real, great authors-to-be.After all, Ernest Hemingways says it best: â€Å"We are all apprentices in a craft where no one ever becomes a master.†But you can at least, become better with this free training.

Gender of Nouns in Spanish

Gender of Nouns in Spanish Just as maleness or femaleness is an inherent characteristic of most animals, so is gender an inherent characteristic of nouns in Spanish. With only a few exceptions, mostly those of occupations such as dentista, the gender of nouns doesnt change with the context, and a nouns gender determines the form of many adjectives that describe it. Key Takeaways: Spanish Noun Gender Nouns in Spanish can be classified as masculine or feminine. Adjectives and articles referring to a particular noun must have the same gender as the noun.Most nouns keep their gender regardless of the context in which they are used, so there are some masculine nouns that are used for things we may think of as feminine and vice versa.Although there are exceptions, nearly all nouns ending in -o are masculine and most nouns ending in -a are feminine. Grammatical Gender Not Tied to Biological Gender Although Spanish nouns are classified as either feminine or masculine, remember that there can be feminine nouns that describe things we think of as masculine, and vice versa. For example, una jirafa, which is feminine in form, refers to a giraffe whether its male or female, and persona (a feminine noun meaning person) can refer to men as well as women. For some, it might be easier to think of masculine and feminine as simply two classifications rather than giving them a sexual identity. Unlike German and some other Indo-European languages, Spanish has no neuter nouns, although there are uses for the gender as explained below The basic rule is that masculine nouns go with masculine adjectives and articles, and feminine nouns go with feminine adjectives and articles. (In English, the articles are a, an and the. Also note that in Spanish many adjectives dont have separate masculine and feminine forms.) And if you use a pronoun to refer to a masculine noun, you use a masculine pronoun; feminine pronouns refer to feminine nouns. Nouns and adjectives that end in -o (or -os for plurals) generally are masculine, and nouns and adjectives that end in -a (or -as for plurals) generally are feminine, although there are exceptions. For example, cada dà ­a means each day. Dà ­a (day) is a masculine noun; cada (each) can be either feminine or masculine. Since you cant always tell by looking at a noun or knowing its meaning whether its masculine or feminine, most dictionaries use notations (f or m) to indicate the gender. And its common in vocabulary lists to precede words with an el for masculine words and a la for feminine words. (El and la both mean the.) Here are examples that show some of the ways a nouns gender affects the usage of other words. the man: el hombre (masculine article, masculine noun)the woman: la mujer (feminine article, feminine noun)a man: un hombre (masculine article, masculine noun)a woman: una mujer (feminine article, feminine noun)the men: los hombres (masculine article, masculine noun)the women: las mujeres (feminine article, feminine noun)the fat man: el hombre gordo (masculine adjective, masculine noun)the fat woman: la mujer gorda (feminine adjective, feminine noun)some men: unos hombres (masculine determiner, masculine noun)some women: unas mujeres (feminine determiner, feminine noun)He is fat: Él es gordo. (masculine pronoun, masculine adjective)She is fat: Ella es gorda. (feminine pronoun, feminine adjective) If you have two or more nouns that are being described by a single adjective, and they are of mixed genders, the masculine adjective is used. El carro es caro, the car is expensive (masculine noun and adjective).La bicicleta es cara, the bicycle is expensive (feminine noun and adjective).El carro y la bicicleta son caros, the car and the bicycle are expensive (masculine and feminine nouns described by a masculine adjective). Using the Neuter Gender Although Spanish has a neuter gender, it isnt used for words listed in the dictionary as nouns.The neuter is used in two circumstances: A handful of neuter pronouns such as ello are used under limited circumstances as the equivalent of it, this, or that. Such pronouns dont refer to things whose names have gender, however, but rather to concepts or ideas.The neuter definite article lo can be placed before an adjective to create a phrase that functions as a neuter abstract noun. For example, lo difà ­cil can mean the difficult thing or that which is difficult.

The position of the packaging industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The position of the packaging industry - Essay Example This requires further discussion. The position at Sonoco Each division has the autonomy and hence had their own HR functions, their own budgets and systems, performance management processes, and leadership and training programs. Sonoco has a tight-knit culture in which there is resistance to hold the underperformers responsible. It has inconsistent HR practices and processes. The divisional HR managers are involved in day-today employee relations issues. Lack of communication persists in the organization while the GMs have been empowered to decide on the compensation and appraisals for their subordinates which results in unfair practices. HR just had to follow the dictates of the VPs and the GMs. Career and succession planning was lacking within the organization which dampened the enthusiasm of the employees. Divisional HR can enhance performance and productivity within the organization. A hybrid structure can provide a strategic link between corporate HR functions and businesses. Ho wever, a hybrid structure does not enable interaction with line managers which is possible through the centralization approach. Moreover, Sonoco had changed over to the hybrid approach and found that it is not sure of it had the right people at the right jobs. It may be difficult to segregate the responsibilities between the head office and the individual divisions which can result in regular conflicts. Thus, the above discussions suggest that the HR changes at Sonoco were far from successful. While each division having its own GM deciding on the benefits and other HR related functions about their employees, giving so much autonomy can lead to competition within divisions in an organization. This strength ultimately results in diluting the power... This study on Sonoco has been an eye-opener on how talent has to be managed in an ever-changing business environment. It is not sufficient to formulate certain principles and implement them within the organization. To work with a globally diverse workforce, to work in different business environments, and to work with a workforce that has independent views and varied lifestyle, is a challenge. This realization has been the result of the case analysis of Sonoco which is in a dilemma whether to adopt the centralized or the hybrid approach.   CPD is essential because there has been a shift in what the people and the organizations want. ole, there would be no interest or motivation to give his best. His interests have to be sustained and hence for optimum productivity, the right talent has to match the right job role. Motivation to a large extent comes from the supervisors as they are in regular contact with their subordination.  Employees must know how to support their staff for CPD of every employee in an organization. It helps to manage and develop their careers and the Gen-yers are more conscious of their future growth than the current pay package. Talent cannot be managed in an informal way. The strategies have to be integrated so that succession planning also is undertaken. This is part of CPD, essential in an organization. CPD and talent management are all inter-related terms and to achieve the intended objectives, HRM policies have to be integrated with the strategic organizational objectives.  

Process Analysis Essay on Bias in Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process Analysis on Bias in Research - Essay Example In regards to the research process, Knox (2010) stated that bias is inaccuracy in data that arises from the manipulated method of data collection and analysis that was employed in the research process.  In regards to the research process, Knox (2010) stated that bias is inaccuracy in data that arises from the manipulated method of data collection and analysis that was employed in the research process.  With reference to the writings by Sharot (2012, P. 8), cognitive bias is described as â€Å"mental errors that arise from simplified information strategies.† Hammersley (1999) further added that cognitive biases are mental errors that are predictable and consistent, and they differ from biases because they are not caused by the personal interest that leads to an inclination towards a preferred outcome. This, therefore, means that cognitive bias is caused by subconscious mental strategies that are used during information processing.   The impact of bias on research, why and how it is important to know bias When a researcher has a bias in the research process then it means that he or she will set the research design in a biased manner in order to obtain the preferred results. Additionally, the data collection process, as well as the sources, will be skewed in a manner that will conform to the results that the research prefers to obtain. To reinforce further the biases, the researcher will manipulate the data analysis process to be reassured of achieving the desired findings or results.   Osterlind (1983) stated that biases in the research process lead to the attainment of results that are not very real or factual more so when the findings are compared with the findings obtained from a research process that was unbiased. Osterlind (1983) further stated that when a research process is conducted through bias then the recommendations from the research are likely to be ineffective or invalid. This is because; the anal ysis of the problem was conducted from a biased perspective rather than from a factual perspective.   Weisberg (2010) in his writings summarily stated that the impact of bias on research is that it lowers or eliminates credibility in the entire research process and even the credibility of the research findings. Additionally, a biased researcher will also suffer from credibility issues and his or her research proficiency may be brought into question as to whether they are genuine or not.

Culture and work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Culture and work - Essay Example Understanding the difference between culture and nation begins an understanding of how culture has evolved through the collision of beliefs and traditions that have integrated citizens of England, defining the culture as influenced by ‘otherness’, negating the very meaning of the concept of ‘otherness’. A nation is built upon a culture that develops a need to come together and form a structure of government in which beliefs and power are cantered, radiating out and using, protecting, and impacting all of those that live within its boundaries. The concept of creating a nation includes a sense of inclusion and exclusion in which those that are included are a part of something that ties them together, defined by those that are outside of those boundaries who do not have the same benefits. When a nation becomes powerful enough and economically advantageous enough to be seen as a place of opportunity, the result will be to attract people from other places, creating an influx of ‘otherness’ which begins to impact the core culture that originally developed the nation. The emergence of an integrated nation becomes a new entity. Migration becomes a source of cultural change, a system in which one culture shifts the entirety of another. The historical dialogue about the way in which history develops tends to keep cultures separated, the conversation becoming focalized on one culture independent to another. However, this is not a real representation of how the integration of cultures in one location develops. Caribbean history is not independent of English history, which is not independent of Scottish history, nor independent of Chinese history. The pieces of the historical relationships between the cultures are integrated, affecting the course of theory, philosophy, and tradition. As Gilroy (1995, p. 189) suggests, the revisionist tendencies of

Ambiance and Musical Symmetry at Count Basie Theater Essay

Ambiance and Musical Symmetry at Count Basie Theater - Essay Example After attending the grand performance by the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra at Count Basie Theater in Red Bank, leftover emotions and higher appreciation for the plight of the orchestra remained long after the event. Enjoyment of the symphony was certainly not limited to the more obvious elements of music such as tempo and style, the performance was pounded out by a host of talented musicians who furiously engaged the audience with competent instruments. The performance included Tchaikovsky – Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 which was a rather brilliantly executed in a rather unique tempo with both conductor and musician working incredibly hard to focus attention on powerful percussion. Neeme Jarvi, the conductor, was rather violent in his obligations, which served to draw audience focus away from the instruments so as to see the passion Jarvi obviously has for music and the symphony. My traditional history with the symphony had rarely illustrated such an active conductor, which I believe made this particular series of performances more captivating. Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg was the soloist violin at Count Basie Theater, who managed to work the crowd into somewhat of a frenzy with her unique style.

Disneyland Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Disneyland - Assignment Example It is located conveniently and easily approachable. Spread over an area of 310 acres, it includes a number of theme parks and also two theme hotels. (http://park.hongkongdisneyland.com). The eight success factors which have been identified for Disneyland will be observed with reference to Disneyland, Hong Kong as follows:- (a) Originality of Concept. Originality of concept implies providing novelty to the visitors at all times. Disney has continuously strived to provide original concepts and ideas. To boost up its summer visitors, the summer pass concept has been introduced by Disney Land Hong Kong; in addition it has continuously innovated to provide new rides, new plans for passes and also added environmental friendly attractions such as the Autopia electric car in collaboration with Honda the Japanese car manufacturer. (b) Geographic Location. Geographic location would imply locating the park near a city with well off people which is also a major tourist destination. Disney Land Hong Kong is ideally achieving this as it is an affluent location with a large number of tourists including those going to and coming from Main land China. Hong Kong is one of the most prosperous cities in the area. Over the years it has become the hub of business as well as tourism. The opening of main land China has implied that it is the gateway as well as outlet to it. Thus there are a large number of visitors to Hong Kong due to its geographic location which in turn benefits, Disney Land Hong Kong. Similarly Disneyland is located in the most affluent locations in the World, California, Paris, Tokyo and others. (c) Integrated Services. This implies a multiplicity of services as food, boutiques, parades, rides and so on are combined so that the customer gets the benefit of all these at one location. Disney's integrated services are its key asset. It integrated services in Hong Kong include, hotels, weddings, meetings and other events. (http://park.hongkongdisneyland.com). The hotels provide dining, guest rooms and other facilities. (d) International Expansion. International expansion entails gradual growth of the company to increase the number of destinations, a strategy which has been successfully followed by Disney land. Thus its destinations are spread across all continents. (destinations.disney.go.com). Disney Land Hong Kong is a part of this overall international expansion plan of Disney company and has well fitted in its globalisation scheme. (e) Innovation. Innovation implies constantly creating new ideas and exploiting new concepts to develop new theme parks adapting to the requirements of time and situation to attract more number of people. Disney is the epitome of innovation. Disney Hong Kong has introduced Autopia, a car ride attraction which is powered by electricity the first of its kind in all the Disney Lands, as other parks have been using gas powered cars. It has also introduced Stitch Encounter based on 2002 Walt Disney animated Lilo and Stitch show. This is an interactive show offered in multiple languages, English, Cantonese and Putonghua and the film characters are said to talk back to the audience members immediately on response. It has also introduced the UFO Zone which uses water jets, mist machines to create a overall water theme.(f) Partnerships. Partnerships, implies

Ambiance and Musical Symmetry at Count Basie Theater Essay

Ambiance and Musical Symmetry at Count Basie Theater - Essay Example After attending the grand performance by the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra at Count Basie Theater in Red Bank, leftover emotions and higher appreciation for the plight of the orchestra remained long after the event. Enjoyment of the symphony was certainly not limited to the more obvious elements of music such as tempo and style, the performance was pounded out by a host of talented musicians who furiously engaged the audience with competent instruments. The performance included Tchaikovsky – Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 which was a rather brilliantly executed in a rather unique tempo with both conductor and musician working incredibly hard to focus attention on powerful percussion. Neeme Jarvi, the conductor, was rather violent in his obligations, which served to draw audience focus away from the instruments so as to see the passion Jarvi obviously has for music and the symphony. My traditional history with the symphony had rarely illustrated such an active conductor, which I believe made this particular series of performances more captivating. Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg was the soloist violin at Count Basie Theater, who managed to work the crowd into somewhat of a frenzy with her unique style.

Douglas Coupland's Microserfs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Douglas Coupland's Microserfs - Essay Example The exploration of one’s identity is a theme that is discussed by the author and other characters in the novel. In this paper, we will analyze how the characters examine their identities and what is the influence of their profession on their identities? The influence of their professions on their identities is so far-reaching that they start to think about themselves in technical terms. The environment in their workplace has affected the characters in the novels to such an extent that they are not able to think about their lives beyond this setting. The character of Karla, a coder and colleague of the Daniel, is most expressive about her feelings regarding identity. Her thoughts about identity can be gauged from the following paragraph, â€Å"Its all about identity," [Karla] said. She said, "We look at flock†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦What makes any one person different from any other? Where does your individuality end and your species-hood begin? As always, its a big question on my mind.† (Coupland, pg.236). While working, the identity of all the characters is connected with their work. The individuality of person is lost in the settings that are dominated by the machinery. Karla also feels that her identity is being overwhelmed, by the environment of her workplace. While talking with Daniel, her conversation reflects her thoughts about identity. â€Å"She said that we, as humans, bear the burden of having to be every animal in the world rolled into one. She said that we really have no identity of our own.† (Coupland, pg.17). The thoughts of Karla represent the identity crisis that people are experiencing in the wake of a demanding professional life. People are so consumed with their aims and ambitions that they have lost the perception of their true identity. Karla also points towards this attitude of human beings. â€Å"She said, "What is human behavior, except trying to prove that were not animals? She said, "I think we have strayed so far away from our animal origins

Dance and Fashion Essay Example for Free

Dance and Fashion Essay There’s an exciting fashion trend happening – dance. The dance and fashion industries seem to be increasingly joining forces, with dance companies commissioning high profile designers and fashion labels turning to dancers to optimally show off their clothes. The collision of the worlds of fashion and dance creates alchemy beyond the reach of either one alone. Fashion is made to move in the world, and dance is extreme motion. The interaction between dance and fashion inspires new ideas for stories and forms of expression, and brings new audiences to both art forms. This season, as the fashion industry becomes more competitive, a string of in-demand models with serious dance backgrounds literally have a leg up. At the same time, as the pages of this fall’s set of weighty magazines attest, professional dancers are influencing fashion in ways never seen before. The pathway to becoming a dancer may vary, but most people start by taking classes at a local dance school. If the goal is to become a professional dancer, this is followed by auditioning for an organization that specializes in full-time dance training, completing an accredited course, and then taking part in an array of auditions for various companies or project work. The transition from being a person who dances for fun to a person who wishes to pursue dance as a career offers a mixture of challenges, rewards and in some cases disappointment. The competitive reality of gaining dance employment requires confident individuals who are physically, technically, artistically and socially equipped to sustain the standards associated with the profession. (The Australian Ballet, 2010). For some people, dancing is their everything, wherein it is their way of exercising, expressing and meditating. It is also a reliable source of income. So many people do not believe they can dance. They think they are uncoordinated, have no rhythm and most of all, they assume the ability to dance is either something you have or you don’t. They see dancers as members of an unattainable and exclusive club of good posture, hours of practice and perfect young bodies with plenty of technique. Dancers are often called the athletes of the arts and like athletes they undergo years of hard physical training in pursuit of excellence. It is exhilarating watching human beings perform extraordinary and courageous physical feats. In dance, this energy is used to tell stories and convey ideas, creating very powerful experiences that can be dramatic, moving and even funny. (The Autralian Ballet, 2010) However, if you are one of those people who have always thought you had two left feet, or are just starting out, don’t allow any negative thoughts deprive you of the happiness that dancing brings. No matter what style: jazz, ballroom, belly dance or just plain shaking it to your favorite tune, dancing is one of the greatest joys in life. It can transform your attitude in a second and transport you into pure bliss. Dancing is for everyone. On the other side of the coin, being a supermodel is somewhat the same as being a dancer wherein there are certain challenges that need to be surpassed and most importantly you should’ve the skills to become one. Gracing the covers of Vogue magazine, parading the catwalks, travelling the world, being snapped by photographers constantly, oh these are just the wonders of being a supermodel. And who doesnt wish of becoming one? This job has all the perks. The star treatment, the attractive salary, the designer clothing, the great figure and desirable features, liaising with the rich and famous, being whisked off to exotic destinations. So many young women from all areas of the world aspire to become a supermodel and have the lifestyle they dream of. However, due to the appeal of the job role it is no wonder there is such stiff competition. Being both dancer and a supermodel is quite difficult. But in today’s generation there are some people who are lucky enough to have these talents that some may not have even one of those. This people have that confidence and charisma to be able to combine the two major forces of arts that could influence the audience and the society as well. The people whom I talking about is Coco Rocha and Karlie Kloss they are powerful in their own ways through their talents and in that way could amazed us. Introducing the beautiful, popular and charismatic supermodel and Irish dancer – Coco Rocha. Discovered at the young age of fourteen by agent Charles Stuart, Coco (born Mikhaila Rocha on September 10, 1988) had never considered modeling or fashion as particular interests, She is trained in ballet from age 4 and planned to become a professional dancer until she was spotted at an Irish dance competition in Vancouver, British Columbia, her hometown. Born in Toronto, Ontario, Coco grew up in Richmond, British Columbia. She has two siblings, and her parents are both in the airline industry. Coco says her parents are supportive of her career, if a bit out of touch. (Rota, 2011) Did you know Coco Rocha used to be a serious Irish dancer? Yep, the illustrious model was jigging all over the place as a child and Irish dancing actually played a major part in propelling her modeling career. She was discovered at an Irish dance competition and became known as the Irish dancing model after Jean-Paul Gaultier asked her to jig down his runway in 2007. Apparently, Irish dance still holds a place in Coco‘s heart. Coco Rocha is loved by the media and fashion industries. Her practice of Irish dancing has endeared her to both the general masses and industry giants, and her earthy appeal and classic looks have won her sought after contracts with cosmetic giants YSL and Rimmel. Now, Coco is more focused in her modeling career as she is part of the 7 modeling agencies all over the globe and has walked down the runways of Marc Jacobs, Versace, Prada, Miu Miu, Louis Vuitton, Anna Sui, Dolce Gabbana, Chanel, Balenciaga, and Jean Paul Gaultier. She has the talent frequently attributed to her background as a dancer and performer. (E-Money, 2012) She works regularly with the most important photographers including Steven Meisel, Patrick Demarchelier, Arthur Elgort, Nathaniel Goldberg, Mikael Jansson, Greg Kadel, Steven Klein, Annie Leibowitz, Peter Lindbergh, Craig McDean, Nick Night, David Sims, Mario Sorrenti, Solve Sundsbo, Inez Van Lamsweerde Vinoodh Matadin. Her advertising campaigns include Christian Dior, Chanel, YSL Beaute, YSL Fragrance Elle, Balenciaga, Lanvin, Dolce Gabbana, Tommy Hilfiger, The Gap, PHI, Nicole Farhi and DeBeers. (Model Scouts, 2012) These are just some of the most famous names in the fashion industry and Coco being part of it was just exemplary. Who would have thought and seen a model doing an Irish dance in the runway and entered the fashion industry at the age of 14. Well, she is Coco Rocha both dancer and supermodel. Karlie Elizabeth Kloss was born in Chicago, Illinois on August 3rd, 1992. Her family her father an emergency room doctor mother, an artist, and three sisters relocated to suburban town of St Louis, Missouri in 1995. Kloss began studying classical ballet at Castons Ballet Academy in 2002 where her talent in dance improved tremendously. Kloss was discovered at the age of 13 by model scouts Jeff and Mary Clarke when she walked in a St Louis charity fashion runway show in 2005. (Vogue) Karlie Kloss is an American model and 12-times Vogue cover girl. Since being discovered in 2005, at the age of just 13, Klosss meteoric rise to success has seen her become a household name. With grounding in classical ballet, Kloss is famed for her mesmerising stage presence and unparalleled walk. She moves like a cat. I love the way she walks. For me, its more important than beauty, Carolina Herrera said in 2011. This poise translates to film as well. John Galliano has referred to her as a chameleon: On set she smolders. She becomes this other creature in front of the lens. (Vogue) Once just another little girl with big dreams of being a ballet dancer, growing up in St. Louis, Montana, Karlie Kloss is just like Coco Rocha that they haven’t expected this kind of path they would’ve walked and be known in the fashion industry worldwide. The young fashion model’s entrance into the big leagues has of course led to a crossfire of rumors and criticism but, like a free spirit, Karlie has brushed off the negativity and gotten right back on her feet, quite literally sometimes. She has taken painful-looking falls on the runway walking for Fendi and Prada and, like a true supermodel, the skillful Karlie rose to her feet each time to finish her walk gracefully. That is normal in the life of a supermodel, there are ups and downs. Little do we know that there are still people that exists with these amazing and one of a kind talents. Hence, fashionable dance or danceable fashion, either way it works. Works Cited E-Money. (2012, February 23). Coco Rocha Dances: White House | Black Market Spring Commercial. Retrieved January 28, 2013, from http://www. yourstrulybrand. com/2012/coco-rocha-tap-dances-white-house-black-m

Teaching The Noun Phrase In English English Language Essay

Teaching The Noun Phrase In English English Language Essay English syntax presents the nominal group or noun phrase (NP) as a basic constituent of the clause (S). Phrase Structure rules normally represent S as consisting of a Noun Phrase and a Verb Phrase (VP). (1) S Æ’Â   NP VP The constituents of the clause or sentence are then further broken down into their constituents. Yet the proposal of other theories to capture the constituents of S has resulted in more complex but more precise ways of explaining how the constituents of a sentence relate to each other. An extension on X-bar theory by Santorini and Kroch in their online textbook The syntax of natural language: An online introduction using the Trees program actually identifies NPs as Determiner Phrases or DPs. Although this paper will not delve into the layers of complexity advocated by such theorists, it does move away from the traditional strategies of teaching nouns and NPs and seeks to ratify approaches for introducing the teaching of NPs in the ESL/EFL context. We shall, therefore, describe the structure of the NP, mentioning the categories of count and non-count (or mass) nouns; and finally prescribe a viable teaching option with respect to the noun phrase. Nouns and the structure of NPs Traditional grammar defines the noun as the name of a person, place, animal or thing. This vague definition succumbs quite readily to criticism the moment we move away from holding it high in the canon of English grammar to one of closer examination. Huddleston (84) lists a few properties that help to classify this word class: It contains amongst its most central members those words that denote persons or concrete objects Its members head phrases noun phrases which characteristically function as subject or object in clause structure and refer to participants in the situation described in the clause, to the actor, patient, recipient, and so on. It is the class to which the categories of number, gender and case have their primary application It becomes significantly easier for us to define the noun and subsequently the NP by looking at its function and distribution in the clause. Brinton and Brinton (193) expand the NP in a table that has been reproduced below: Table 1. Expansions of NP NP Æ’Â   N dogs Det N the dogs Det A N the large dogs Det AP N the loudly barking dogs Det N PP the dog in the yard Det A N PP the ferocious dog behind the fence Det AP N PP the wildly yapping dog on the sofa Pro He PN Goldy In all of the expansions except the final two the head of the NP the noun (N) is obligatory. In the final two expansions the head has been substituted by a pronoun and a Proper noun respectively. These two are still subsumed under the category of noun so we can still say that the head subsists to some degree. The broadest expansion level of the NP, Det AP N PP presents categories that may be grouped in relation to the noun head of the phrase. Therefore, we may talk about pre-head dependents and post-head dependents. Huddleston asserts that an NP will consist of a noun as head, alone or accompanied by one or more dependentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦pre-head and post-head dependents (85). He mentions that the pre-head dependents may be determiners and/or modifiers and that the post-head dependents consist of complements, modifiers and peripheral dependents. Where Huddleston calls these elements dependents (either pre-head or post-head), Downing and Locke, in order to simplify matters, label them modifiers (403). They locate the head of the phrase as the central element around which are located the pre-modifiers and post-modifiers. Figure 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of the general constituents of the NP. Figure 1. Diagrammatic Representation of an NP Noun (Head) Post-modifiers Specifiers Pre-modifiers Although the number of determiners is quite limited (Huddleston (86) states that there are approximately three determiner slots), there seems to be less restriction on what can fill the modifier position. Determiners have the form of: (ÃŽÂ ±) determinatives the, some, which, etc (recall that determiner is used as the name of a function, determinative of a class); (ÃŽÂ ²) Poss Ps the dogs, your fathersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(ÃŽÂ ³) cardinal numerals: one, twoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(ÃŽÂ ´) embedded NPs expressing quantification: a dozenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a fewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦An NP may contain up to three determinersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Huddleston 86). Downing and Locke (404) also suggest that the relatively restricted list of determiners (articles, demonstratives, possessives, Wh-words, distributives and quantifiers) can be put into three broad categories: Central determinatives: the articles, the demonstratives, the possessives, the quantifiers Pre-determinatives: all, both, twice, double, such Post-determinatives: the ordinal numerals and the semi-determinatives (same, other, former, latter, own) As said before, Santorini and Kroch in Chapter 5 of their online book argue a case for DPs. They believe that nounsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cannot in general function as arguments on their own, but must be accompanied by a determiner. This makes sense even if there is a zero marker for the determiner. They go on to say to caution the reader: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the traditional term noun phrase is a misnomer since noun phrases are maximal projections of D rather than of N. Because the term noun phrase is firmly established in usage, we continue to use it as an informal synonym for DP. However, in order to avoid confusion, we will use the term NP only to refer to the subconstituent of a noun phrase that is the complement of a determiner. We will never use it to refer to an entire noun phrase (that is, a DP) The NP can also be called the complement of a determiner as suggested by Santorini and Kroch, but in order to keep concepts simple we should stick to the distinction as prescribed by the diagram above where the determiner position is synonymous with specifier. The pre-modifier position (labelled AP in Brinton and Brintons largest expansion above) can be filled with a number of classes: adjectives (and adverbs), nouns, participial forms of verbs and possessives. Due to the recursive property of this position, there is a complex ordering sequence of these classes. This can be seen quite clearly if we solely look at the ordering of adjectives (Parrot 54): Table 2. Order of adjectives in the NP 1 Size 2 Shape 3 Colour 4 Origin 5 Material 6 Use Noun a large white loaf a sleeveless blue woollen pullover Small Spanish serving dishes The order also places the opinion of the speaker (subjective aspect) before a description (objective aspect) of the object. The post-modifiers, on the other hand, can exist as complements, modifiers and peripheral dependents (Huddleston 93). X-bar theory accounts for these elements by the use of the terms adjunct and complement. In the diagram below, these post-head elements are shown to the right of the X circles. XP X X Specifier Adjunct Complement X X Head Figure 2. Template for an XP in X-bar theory Whereas adjuncts are seen as optional modifiers, complements are shown to be obligatory. The diagram shows their differing positions within the hierarchy of the phrase (XP), where the complement appears closer to the head. Although this information may be helpful for the teacher, it would be better to stay away from X-bar theory when trying to explain phrase formation to the student unless the student has already had interaction with it. One cannot mention the noun, and even the noun phrase, without mentioning an aspect of nouns that is relatively unique to them their countability. Allan mentions that the notion of countability varies and has to do with the perception of the speaker and listener: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that which is countable is denumerable. Although countability is a linguistic category, it typically has perceptual correlations: the reference of what is linguistically countable is ordinarily perceived in terms of one or more discrete entities. What is uncountable is typicallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦perceived as an undifferentiated unity. (565) The countability of the noun is linked to its ability to be inflected for plurality and is also linked to the use of certain determiners. Uncountable or mass nouns in English are not normally pluralised unless the speaker is using some type of jargon peculiar to a field. However, the notion of countability also carries across into the NP. If the noun, as head of the phrase, is countable, it also means that the NP would be countable as well. Teaching the NP to ESL/EFL students The NP should not be introduced explicitly to low-level proficiency ESL/EFL students. Although the students may have some unconscious knowledge of the NP in their own languages, it is a more appropriate approach to teach Upper-Intermediate and Advanced level students about the workings of the NP to improve their stylistic capabilities and also to improve their communicative options. The teaching of the NP, like everything else, must be contextualised and not necessarily bogged down by solely teaching the students grammar. It is quite important to link the teaching of the NP to previous knowledge gained by the students so that its syntactic structure can be used as a refresher for students with respect to things like count and non-count nouns, adverbials and determiners. Students can be taught inductively by teachers where sentences are put on the board and students can also be asked to identify the syntactic categories that make up the phrase and also the apparent rules for the ordering of categories. Nevertheless, an indispensible teaching tool in this area would be to let the students be these categories. What do I mean by be? Well, if we look singly at the AP constituent of the NP and wish to help students to grasp the order of the adjectives (as listed in the table above), the teacher can put an AP on the board containing quite a number of these adjectives. Then random students can be asked to come to the front of the class and the teacher can assign the students a word. The students can write this word on a page and stick it to their chests or hold them up. Subsequently, the teacher can ask the students to move around in a line to represent the phrase, swapping positions with each other and encouraging the class to read the phrase according to the new orders. The teacher will have to have some knowledge of APs and be able to explain why random ordering of lexical items is unacceptable in APs. This exercise can also be done with NPs to some extent. The teacher can use it to show the recursivity of the modifier positions especially (vis-à  -vis embedded clauses and other modifiers) and to solidify the ordering of the constituents. This kinaesthetic approach can also be complemented by a musical one where a song can be used to show the meaning as well as the functional use of NPs. Gardners Multiple Intelligences is a good tool to take advantage of when teaching these primarily grammar-oriented topics, but calls on a lot from the teacher in the realm of creativity and preparation.

Putting Capital Punishment to Death :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hanging, the firing squad, the gas chamber, the electric chair, lethal injection; these are some present methods of the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used in America for a long time, and has always presented conflicts. There are many groups that protest capital punishment, and there are many groups that are for it. The controversies it presents have to do with the cost, if it is humane, or if it is moral. With all of these problems taken into consideration, it is clear to anyone that capital punishment is the wrong choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The early forms of the death penalty were not only much less humane than they are now, but much more cruel and unusual. Hanging, one of the earliest forms, is actually still used in 3 states as one form of capital punishment. The inmate would not get blindfolded, unlike most methods, then they would stand on a stool or box. A noose would then be wrapped, and tightened, around their neck. The box or stool is then kicked out from under the inmate, and onlookers watch in anticipation while the inmate suffocates to death. In some cases, the inmate’s neck would break, instantly killing him. (Baird 22)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other early forms of capital punishment were the guillotine and the firing squad. Both of these methods used blindfolds. For the guillotine, the inmate would lay down on their back under a huge blade hanging above their neck. The executioner would then cut a rope, releasing the blade that then slices through the inmate’s neck, decapitating him. For the firing squad, and inmate would be led to a chair in front of a brick wall. A trained firing squad then lines up in front of the inmate. The firing squad then fires their guns at a target on the inmate’s chest. To relieve the guilt of the squad, some of their guns were loaded with blanks, so no one could know if they were the ones who killed the man. The guillotine is not used anymore, but the firing squad is still used in a few states. Anyone can see why these methods are not used as much anymore. (Baird 21)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now to the real controversies. Most people do not realize these inhumane methods of capital punishment are still being used, but the more controversial ones are the methods everyone knows about. One of the older current methods is he electric chair. The electric chair is not the most controversial, even though it is the least humane of the widely used practices.

Continuous Professional development Essay

Continuous professional development (CPD) is a framework of learning and development that ensures a professional’s competency, effectiveness, knowledge, skills and practice are continually kept up to date through ‘lifelong learning’ strategies and activities. There is not a fixed CPD standard or structure and a ‘one size fits all’ process would not work for all professions and individuals who work for companies with diverse objectives and working practices. The various approaches may have common themes and goals such as setting objectives for development and charting progress towards them, or asking questions such as where I want to be, and how I plan to get there. Reflection is also a key element of the process. Just as important is the motivation and responsibility of professionals for keeping their own skills and knowledge up to date. An early definition of CPD was developed in 1986 by the Construction Industry Council (UK). However, Friedman et al. (2000) found that it was still the most commonly cited definition of CPD among UK professional bodies in 1999. ‘The systematic maintenance, improvement and broadening of knowledge and skills, and the development of personal qualities necessary for execution of professional and technical duties throughout the individual’s working life’. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) suggest the following elements of a good and broad CPD structure. be a documented process be self-directed: driven by you, not your employer focus on learning from experience, reflective learning and review help you set development goals and objectives include both formal and informal learning. CIPD further suggest the benefits to CPD practitioners provides an overview of your professional development to date reminds you of your achievements and how far you’ve progressed directs your career and helps you keep your eye on your goals uncovers gaps in your skills and capabilities Opens up further development needs provides examples and scenarios for a CV or interview demonstrates your professional standing to clients and employers helps you with your career development or a possible career change. CPD can involve any relevant learning activity, whether formal and structured or informal and self-directed. Good CPD practice will include a variety of learning models that help professionals remain competent and up to date. Whatever the model or structure the process should highlight the needs of the job, strengths and weaknesses of learners and their future goals so learning gaps can be addressed. Listed below are examples and a short explanation of types of CPD learning and practice. The training model – often delivered by an expert in a classroom type environment. The award-bearing model – validation achieved via a standard or qualification. The deficit model – weak performance highlighted and measures taken to improve it. The cascade model – one learner cascading their learning down to other colleagues. The standards-based model – meeting standards, often highlighted in observations. The coaching/mentoring model – on the job training that includes shadowing. The community of practice model – secondment or interagency training initiatives. The transformative model – flexible approach involving many of the above models. My own development is based very much on the transformative model of CPD that involves a range of both formal and informal learning, this provides me with the up to date knowledge and skills I need to do my job competently. Schunk describes learning as, ‘Learning is an enduring change in behaviour or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion which results from practice or other forms of experience’. Schunk, Learning theories, 5th ed, 2008 Formal learning through training or qualification is often related to something specific, like a skill or competence. Formal training may include on-line and CD-ROM based courses or full or part time study leading to qualifications. Development on the other hand can be more informal and has a broader outlook on learning and may include private study such as reading, observing and reflection. Structured continual learning is important in any profession because new research and practices may require new knowledge and skills. For example the QCF Level 6 Diploma in Career Guidance and Development is one example of formal learning that I have considered and want to undertake. This is for both professional and financial reasons. Professionally it proves a level of academic ability, knowledge and credibility. It is the standard that many career companies now expect from professionals delivering career guidance in schools. Gaining the qualification should also help me remain competitive when applying for a job and hopefully keep me within a reasonable pay scale. Conferences, workshops and seminars also help keep professionals up to date with changes to practice and can be a vehicle for networks to be built up and experiences shared. On the job training such staff training, shadowing, secondment, coaching and mentoring all provide excellent provision for professionals to learn new skills and build up work based knowledge. Professionals may also learn by taking part in working groups or involvement in research projects. Babcock recognises the benefit of CPD and is committed to broadening and developing all employees’ knowledge and skills in the pursuit of excellence. They understand the process helps promote career development and ensure legislation and contractual agreements are met. The company handbook CPD at Babcock Education and Training – Guidance for Staff’, describes the process of CPD as, ‘’any activity which increases the knowledge, skills and understanding of staff, improves job satisfaction and raises company performance’’. The policy strongly advocates that practitioners should be accountable for their own personal growth and not solely rely on the company for training and development. It also requires professionals to maintain competent levels of learning as directed by their own professional bodies. If professionals are to be committed to their own CPD practice then there needs to be a certain level of self-motivation. Career Advisers as with all professionals need to remain competent to practice, regardless of whether they qualified yesterday, last year or twenty-five years ago. (Golding ; Gray, 2006) agree and suggest that the last day of professional training signals the beginning of lifelong learning. According to Maslow (1943) hierarchy of needs that suggests people are motivated by a range of wants such as basic needs from food and shelter right up to the final stage of self-actualization and fulfillment. Herzberg (1959) showed that to motivate an employee a business needs to create conditions that make them feel fulfilled in the workplace. He suggested motivators such as achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility and advancement will motivate the worker to want to succeed and do well. Both models recognise that when conditions are right workers want to do a good job and find satisfaction in their work. I would argue that professionals such as career advisers go further by recognising their duty of care to clients and desire to serve them well by providing the best service possible. This is only achieved by having up to date skills and a positive outlook on personal learning and development. CPD clearly benefits professionals, employers, customers and users. For it to be best utilised practitioners may need some form of CPD training. Learning how to learn is a skill in itself, Joyce and Showers (2001) suggest that a positive impact on performance is more likely if training is provided on it. Cunningham (2001) agrees and says ‘’It cannot be ‘caught; people must be trained in the process’’ A full understanding of the CPD process gives the practitioner a methodical and structured approach to their learning that can be flexible and involve a number of learning styles that best suits the learner’s needs. My own CPD practice and planning is assisted through various policies and templates implemented by Babcock. Supervision meetings with line-managers take place every 6-8 weeks where performance against SMART targets (objectives broken down to specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely goals) are discussed and feedback given. Before annual reviews take place a pre-review template is filled in by the member of staff. This process alone demands employees to take time to reflect on their past performance and draw attention to skill gaps and future training needs. Another template used during the annual review guides both practitioner and line-manager through the process. This tool asks questions that demands a certain level of thought and reflection. Questions are asked around time spent on an activity, why it was done, what was learned and can it be shared with others. The pre-review template and review process agree much with guided reflective theory developed by Johns (1995) where he suggests a series of questions can challenge the motivation and rationale for actions. These questions from a third party can help guide learners through the reflective process. Johns suggested reflective diaries and sharing experience with others can lead to a greater understanding than reflections done alone. Though I do not keep a written diary of reflection I do reflect constantly and can relate to Schon’s ‘reflection in action’ and ‘reflection on’ practice. I also incorporate much of Rolfe (2000) Driscoll’s (2000) thinking by asking what, so what and now what into my practice. Another simple strategy I endorse and find useful is SWOT analysis, a technique accredited to Albert Humphrey in the 1950’s that asks practitioners to scrutinize their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Practitioners can also be unaware of issues in their own practice, this is suggested by the Jo Harari window, developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955; it proposes that others see things about us to which we may be blind. New objectives and action plans can then be agreed and formalised. Feedback from supervision and annual review meetings help to evaluate work and clarify agreed targets and future development tasks. The meetings also offer a platform to formally raise concerns or requests for training. A training request was made after I became aware of a number of young people in school who seemed to be unmotivated, withdrawn or depressed. I had no knowledge of mental health issues and felt out of my depth to offer solutions and wanted to be able to offer better front-line support. I approached my line-manager and it was suggested I investigate possible training options. I later attended three one day courses on adolescent mental health that were free of charge and run by Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH). The training was around spotting mental health disorders, early intervention and ideas for support in school. Networking is also a valuable source of gathering information and developing support channels. It was through a network that I learned of the free training delivered by CAMHS. Another effective learning tool is observation. Feedback from formal interview observations and those from colleagues, teachers, pupils, parents and others has benefited my overall reflections and development by highlighting levels of performance. Critical thinking allows me to analyse different qualities, talents, views and opinions of others. I often ask myself whether I would have handled a situation differently to a colleague and would my actions have made the situation better or worse? Writing regular case studies has been useful when reflecting on my work. They help me focus on what went well and what hasn’t gone so well. The discipline of writing down events and analysing them requires much deeper thought processes. Attending regular training events and seminars ensures I remain up to date with new practice, law and policy changes. Training has broadened my knowledge around specialist areas such as homelessness and sex education. Some training programmes are also compulsory requirements of Babcock and include child protection training or online courses like equality and diversity. Attendance at staff meetings keep me up to date with events in the careers industry and practice at a local level. Often meetings include training workshops, group discussions and presentations from guest speakers. As a group member of the Career Development Institute I receive regular updates, advice and information on topical subjects through journals and annual conferences. In summary CPD is an investment that gives professionals a methodical structure to directly link learning with practice. It records learning undertaken and helps plot any future training. Confidence and professional credibility can be boosted and it may accelerate career advancement. Through creative thinking and tackling new challenges personal interest and job satisfaction can also be increased.