Plagiarism An Ethical Issue - 1161 Words

â€Å"According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to â€Å"plagiarize† means to steal and pass of (the ideas or words of another as one’s own†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"What Is Plagiarism?). When one plagiarizes, they use someone else’s work and present it as their own (â€Å"What Is Plagiarism?†). It’s a very serious offense and plagiarizing can result in serious academic offenses. Plagiarizing is easy to prevent if you familiarize yourself with how to cite properly. Plagiarizing is a very ethical issue for the fact that your copying someone’s work and not giving them the credit for it. According to Krishnamoorthy, copyrightmatters.in website explains: Plagiarism is primarily an ethical issue, pertinently, Section 57 of the Copyright Act grants authors the â€Å"Special†¦show more content†¦Plagiarizing is a serious offense and could result in serious consequences. Research According to plagioarism.org, â€Å"†¦plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone else’s work and lying about it afterward† (â€Å"What Is Plagiarism†). The website also gives a definition from the Merriam-Webster Online dictionary, which states that plagiarism means â€Å"to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another as one’s own, to use (another’s production) without crediting the source, to commit literary theft, [and] to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source† (â€Å"What Is Plagiarism?†). Stealing words and ideas is plagiarism and are protected by copyright laws as long as they are recorded in some way (â€Å"What Is Plagiarism?†). The following examples presented by the website are considered plagiarism: Turning in someone else’s work as your own, copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit, failing to put a quotation in quotation marks, giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation, changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit, copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not†¦ (â€Å"What Is Plagiarism?†). The website also states that images, videos, and music can be plagiarized (â€Å"What Is Plagiarism†?). A few examples include â€Å"copying media from otherShow MoreRelatedInternet And Plagiarism : An Ethical And Legal Issue2682 Words   |  11 Pages RESEARCH PAPER: INTERNET AND PLAGIARISM: AN ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUE AMONG TODAY’S STUDENTS CMST 301 6385 DIGITAL MEDIA AND SOCIETY Prof. Robert Zornes Fall 2014 Vitor S Alves October 3, 2014 Outline The availability of online research has increased the probability that a material can become plagiarized, resulting in an ethical and legal issue. However, it has also introduced solutions to detecting plagiarism with the use of online plagiarism software. 1. IntroductionRead MoreCritique Of - Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism, Journal of Business Ethics1310 Words   |  6 PagesWriting (15%) Granitz, N. and D. Loewy (2007), Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 72, pp 293-306. Summary Plagiarism in todays â€Å"copy and paste generation† is an unremitting, complex issue that is not yet fully understood. The paper responds to this proposition with a thesis that understanding the ethical reasoning provided by students in defending plagiarism is crucial in preventing it in student populations. The reasonsRead MoreThe Ethical Reasons For Plagiarism1459 Words   |  6 Pages Plagiarism is the process of taking some one else work or ideas and showing it as their own works (Oxford Dictionaries). The purpose of this study is to understand 6 different ethical reasons used by student to overcome with plagiarism and with help of these ethical reason, faculties can bring a solution to stop or prevent plagiarism. Where as unethical behavior can also lead to worries in school or colleges, so there is need to correct it so that it has positive impact on organizational ethicsRead MoreThe Silent Harm of Plagiarism Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesthink about plagiarism, many people may think of theft or the act of stealing intellectual property. According to Webster-Merriams’ dictionary, plagiarism is â€Å"the act stealing and passing off (the ideas and words of others) as one’s own† (Webster-Merriam). Webster seems to have left a little something out. Plagiarism is not just the act of stealing one’s work. It is also the result of ethical deterioration of academic integrity. In the discussion of plagiarism, a controversial issue is whether plagiarismRead MoreApplying Ethical Theories : Interpreting And Responding Students Plagiarism By Neil Granitz And Dana Loewy Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagestheir article â€Å"Applying Ethical Theories: Interpreting and Responding to Student Plagiarism† Neil Granitz and Dana Loewy correlate students’ reasoning when justifying plagiarism to different theories of ethics. There are two primary aims of this study: 1. to categorise students cheating based on the ethical reasons they invoke when defending their act, 2. to develop a specific response for each type of plagiarism in order to lead tutor approaches in dealing with this issue. Furthermore, the articleRead MorePlagiarism and the Deterioration of Ethical Values Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesWhat comes to ones mind when we think about plagiarism, according to Webster-Merriams’ dictionary plagiarism is â€Å"the act stealing and passing off (the ideas and words of others) as ones own† (Webster-Merriam). Webster seems to have left a little something out, plagiarism is not just the act of stealing ones work, it is also the result of ethical deterioration of academic integrity. In discussion of plagiarism, a controversial issue is whether plagiarism is taken serious enough and what the severityRead MoreThe World Association Of Medical Editors1412 Words   |  6 PagesPlagiarism according to oxford dictionary in 1621 was derived from a latin word â€Å"plagiarius† which means â€Å"kidnapper† or abducting .Plagiarism as defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica as â€Å" the act of taking another person’s writing and passing them off as one’s own† without giving credit to the original author (Jawad. F, 2013). The world Association of Medical Editors (WAME) defines plagiarism as â€Å"the use of others published and unpublished ideas or words without attribution or permission and presentingRead MorePlagiarism : Plagiarism And Plagiarism1147 Words   |  5 PagesPlagiarism Plagiarism is a major ethical risk in the academic research community (Martin et al., 2009). It is the act of presenting someone else work as one own work whether in full or partially. Several studies have explored the unethical component of plagiarism to students and researcher (Amodeo et al., 2005; Gullifer Tyson, 2010). The emergence of Internet technologies increases the risk of plagiarism in contemporary research since most plagiarism is escalated b computer technologies whereRead MorePlagiarism And Academic Integrity : Plagiarism1305 Words   |  6 PagesPlagiarism is a topic that is consistently brought up in many areas of education.1 In every syllabus presented to students, there is a section that refers to plagiarism and academic integrity. Plagiarism can be defined as â€Å"the act or instance of stealing or passing off ideas or words of another as one’s own.†2 Despite this being an important piece of information; students may overlook this material and sti ll plagiarize. In a study from the University of Toronto, 90% of senior pharmacy students admittedRead MorePlagiarism : School College Of Health Science840 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: PLAGIARISM 1 PLAGIARISM 2 Plagiarism Robert Blakley Baptist College of Health Science Abstract The paper analyzes the existing ethical academic dilemma of applying plagiarism within diverse academic works by students in general and nursing students in particular. It presents particular examples of well-known plagiarism cases and allows properly evaluating the reasons and ways of avoiding any acts of intentional and unintentional plagiarism. It emphasizes the necessity

The Bataan Death March WWII

The Bataan Death March was Japans brutal forced march of American and Filipino prisoners of war during World War II. The 63-mile march began on April 9, 1942, with at least 72,000 POWs from the southern end of the Bataan Peninsula in the Philippines. Some sources say 75,000 soldiers were taken prisoner after the surrender at Bataan, which broke down to 12,000 Americans and 63,000 Filipinos. The horrible conditions and harsh treatment of the prisoners during the Bataan Death March resulted in an estimated 7,000 to 10,000 deaths. Surrender in Bataan Only hours after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the Japanese struck airbases in the American-held Philippines. In a surprise air attack around noon on December 8, most of the military aircraft on the archipelago were destroyed. Unlike in Hawaii, the Japanese followed their airstrike in the Philippines with a ground invasion. As Japanese ground troops headed toward the capital of Manila, U.S. and Filipino troops retreated on December 22 to the Bataan Peninsula on the western side of the large Philippine island of Luzon. Cut off from food and other supplies by a Japanese blockade, the U.S.  and Filipino soldiers slowly used up their supplies, going from half rations to third rations and quarter rations. By April, they had been holding out in the Bataan jungles for three months. They were starving and suffering from diseases. There was no option other than to surrender. On April 9, 1942, U.S. Gen. Edward P. King signed the surrender document, ending the Battle of Bataan. The remaining American and Filipino soldiers were taken by the Japanese as POWs. Almost immediately, the Bataan Death March began. March Begins The purpose of the march was to get 72,000 POWs from Mariveles in the southern end of the Bataan Peninsula to Camp ODonnell in the north. The prisoners were to march 55 miles to San Fernando, then travel by train to Capas before marching the last eight miles to Camp ODonnell. The prisoners were separated into groups of approximately 100, assigned Japanese guards, and sent marching. It would take each group about five days to make the journey. The march would have been arduous for anyone, but the starving prisoners endured cruel treatment throughout their long journey, making the march deadly. Japanese Sense of Bushido Japanese soldiers believed strongly in bushido, a code or set of moral principles established by the samurai. According to the code, honor is brought to a person who fights to the death; anyone who surrenders is considered contemptible. To Japanese soldiers, the captured American and Filipino POWs were unworthy of respect. To show their disgust, the Japanese guards tortured their prisoners throughout the march. The captured soldiers were given no water and little food. Although artesian wells with clean water were scattered along the way, Japanese guards shot prisoners who broke rank and tried to drink from them. A few prisoners scooped up stagnant water as they walked, which made many sick. The prisoners were given a couple of rice balls during their long march. Filipino civilians tried to throw food to the marching prisoners, but Japanese soldiers killed those who tried to help. Heat and Random Brutality The intense heat during the march was miserable. The Japanese exacerbated the pain by making prisoners sit in the sun for several hours without shade, a form of torture called the sun treatment. Without food and water, the prisoners were extremely weak as they marched in the hot sun. Many were seriously ill from malnutrition; others had been wounded or were suffering from diseases they had picked up in the jungle. The Japanese didnt care; if anyone slowed or fell behind during the march, they were shot or bayoneted. A Japanese buzzard squad followed each group of marching prisoners to kill those who couldnt keep up. Random brutality was common. Japanese soldiers frequently hit prisoners with the butt of their rifles. Bayoneting was common. Beheadings were prevalent. Simple dignities also were denied the prisoners. The Japanese offered neither latrines nor bathroom breaks along the long march. Prisoners who had to defecate did so while walking. Camp ODonnell When the prisoners reached San Fernando, they were herded into boxcars. The Japanese forced so many prisoners into each boxcar that there was standing room only. Heat and other conditions inside caused more deaths. Upon arrival in Capas, the remaining prisoners marched another eight miles. When they reached Camp ODonnell, it was discovered that only 54,000 prisoners made it there. An estimated 7,000 to 10,000 had died, while other missing soldiers presumably escaped into the jungle and joined guerrilla groups. Conditions at Camp ODonnell also were brutal, leading to thousands more POW deaths in the first few weeks there. The Man Responsible After the war, a U.S. military tribunal charged Lt. Gen. Homma Masaharu for the atrocities during the Bataan Death March. Homma was in charge of the Philippines invasion and ordered the evacuation of the POWs from Bataan. Homma accepted responsibility for his troops actions but claimed he never ordered such cruelty. The tribunal found him guilty. On April 3, 1946, Homma was executed by firing squad in the town of Los Banos in the Philippines.

Essay on Varying Arguments for the Existence of God

Varying Arguments for the Existence of God Many philosophers and theologians have provided varying arguments for the existence of God. These arguments are either a priori, understood independent of worldly experience and observation (Ontological Argument), or a posteriori, dependent on experience and based on observations of how the world is (Cosmological and Teleological Arguments). This paper will focus on the Cosmological Argument, and show that its underlying principle, the Principle of Sufficient Reason, fails to establish it as a sound argument for the existence of God. To accomplish this, I will, first, define the Cosmological Argument and the Principle of Sufficient Reason; then explain the argument, and how it is based on†¦show more content†¦Thus, there is an explanation for why I exist (PSRa), and also an explanation for every feature of my life (PSRb). Second, what is the meaning of the argument and how is it based on PSR? Premise (1) stems from Anselms division of beings into the three cases: explained by another [dependent beings],explained by nothing,and explained by itself [independent/self-existing being] (Rowe 22). The first rule of PSR holds that every being must have an explanation for its existence. A being that is explained by nothing violates this first rule, and as a result, is left out of premise (1). This allows for only two possible types of beings -- either dependent or self-existent. If you hold PSR to be true, them premise (1) is uncontroversial. Because it is an either, or statement, only one of the two types of beings needs to exist for the premise to be true. We know that there are at least dependent beings, so premise (1) is true. Premise (2) states that everything cannot be a dependent being. Why is this the case? William Rowe does an excellent job of explaining why if PSR is true, then premise (2) is also true. He (Rowe 24-25) says lets suppose that there has never been a self-existing being, but only an infinite series of dependent beings. In this series, every being has an explanation, because it is explained by the being that came before it and that caused its existenceShow MoreRelatedThe Ontological Argument Made By Anselm1365 Words   |  6 Pagesontological argument made by Anselm was criticized by one of his contemporaries, a monk named Gaunilo, who said, that by Anselm s reasoning, one could imagine a certain island, more perfect than any other island, tf this island can exist in the mind, then according to Anselm, it would necessarily exist in reality, for a perfect island would have this quality. But this is obviously false; we cannot make things exist merely by imagining them. Anselm replied, upholding his argument by saying thatRead MoreDescartes First Proof of The Existence of God Essays1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe 17th century philosopher Rene Descartes believed that God exists. His proof of an all perfect being’s existence was explained by having an idea of God that had to have been caused by God. But simply having an idea of God is not enough for there to necessarily exist such a being. This paper will critically examine Descartes’s causal argument though its premises and conclusion. Descartes makes an attempt to prove God’s existence throughout his third meditation. In his first premise he statesRead MoreThe Existence Of God s Existence1339 Words   |  6 Pagesidea of God. The existence of God is one of the most sought out topic that is frequently inquired. Is there really a God or is God merely a concept humans created to explain the unexplainable? And if God does exist, what makes him different from the rest of us? A well-known philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas, introduced five proofs including the Cosmological Arguments of God’s existence, as well as explained some divine qualities that are associated with God. The nature of God’s existence is oftenRead MoreDescartess Argument For The Existence Of God Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pageswhat remained from his doubting could be considered the truth. This lead Descartes to argue for the existence of God. For the purpose of this paper, I will first discuss Descartes’s argument for the existence of God. I will then take issue with Descartes’s argument first with his view on formal reality and varying levels of reality, then with his argument that only God can cause the idea of God. I will then conclude with Descartes argues that some ideas are more real than others. These ideasRead MoreProposed Seven Philosophers On The Existence Of God And Their Development Of These Ideas1413 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Aquinas and Rene Descartes. Lastly, I will proceed to relate their ideas on the existence of God and their development of these ideas. St. Augustine s epistemology is rationalization. In his argument for the existence of God, he is referring to varying degrees of perfection otherwise know as, an Ontological argument. He believed that in pursuing truth, it would lead to the epicenter of all truth, God. Upon his pursuit of truth, he began to further develop his philosophy that all thingsRead MoreBombardier Aerospace: An Overview1590 Words   |  6 PagesWhich argument for the existence of God is strongest? Why? An age-old debate that has existed in religious studies concerns which argument for the existence of God is the strongest. The existence of God is pervasive throughout the world, although the means with which people attempt to prove His existence varying in significant (and sometimes contrasting) ways. Although there have been myriad methods for proving Gods existence, a central dispute concerns whether or not to use a rational approachRead MorePascals Wager1557 Words   |  7 PagesModern debates over religion, more specifically God, focus primarily on whether or not sufficient evidence exists to either prove or disprove the existence of a God. Disbelievers such as biologist Richard Hawkins tend to point to the indisputable facts of evolution and the abundance of scientific evidence which seem to contradict many aspects of religion. Conversely, believers such as Dr. A. E. Wilder-Smith describe the controversial aspects of science, and how the only possible solution to everythingRe ad MoreDo You Believe? God?1587 Words   |  7 Pages Do you believe in God? Do you even believe in a God? Is God even real? These questions are commonly asked and the reason for it is because people believe in different things depending on how they were raised growing up. This question is a very in depth question because a lot of people don’t know the real truth or actually understand if a God really does exist. Today I will be arguing against a few different philosophers who don’t believe in a God and are actually atheist. And also I will be agreeingRead MoreThe Existence Of Miracles By David Hume1350 Words   |  6 Pageslenses one can focus on. Through these varying views, the man on the tightrope is being inspected, as well as his greater world and the fly that he sees disappear and reappear in front of him. This shows there is an extensive variation of facts to be examined for and against the case of miracles. Consequently, the authors included in the book, I n Defense of Miracles, each considers different important details as the defining factors in the debate of the existence of miracles. Of those, some focus moreRead MoreAre There Any Immoral Religions Or Any Moral Atheists?1204 Words   |  5 PagesAtheists? The understanding of moral philosophy lays the basis for comprehending the nature of any other type of philosophical discipline. Many of the philosophers in the past believed in the existence of a Mighty being who is in control of everything. In the same breath, Aristotle and Aquinas believed that God took care of everything, and only living a virtuous life guaranteed to be like Him. On some issues, Aquinas supported Aristotle s thinking, while in others he differed intensely. To achieve

Using An Mp3 Recorder, The Interview Process - 1081 Words

In order to conduct the research ethically and effectively, the researchers will tape the interview process. Using an MP3 recorder, the entire interview process will be recorded with the prior consent of the respondents. Moreover, assurance of confidentiality will also be given to the participants so that there does not arise any queries regarding ethical issues. The ethical consideration of this study helps to hold concept to gather primary data in a proper way that cannot do harm to the PRA experts, respondents. The researchers hide personal information of the respondents to ensure their safety. The researcher also requested the respondents to give data and if someone does not agree to give data, the researchers take that is easy and do†¦show more content†¦The selection of ineffective research approach can be considered as a limitation of the methodology. If the researcher cannot maintain time plan to conduct the research then it may hamper the role of appropriate researc h methodology. The lack of resources is also some problems to apply proper methodology in this research. The experience of the researcher is not satisfactory to conduct this research, which may affect on the research outcome negatively. Task 4 4.1 Findings and Anticipation The core characteristic of an exploratory research is that the findings or explorations are based on anticipation and this is inspected by the researcher using the empirical data in the research model. This research study has been conducted to explore the importance and determine the relationship between organizational culture and leadership decision. But in case of telecom industry it is quite a new approach. The overall purpose of the research is to measure their relationship and investigate their impact on each other. Various methodology and approaches have been used to achieve the basic objective of the study. Analyzing the entire research, firstly we have developed the primary outcomes and conducted further analysis linking it with the context of Samsung, UK. Accomplishment of this research concentrates on the expected outcomes that include the major forecasts regarding the fact that there is a strong relationship of organizational culture with leadership

The Epidemic Of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay

Abstract The United States of America has a crisis existing within its population of returning veterans. More and more, we see veterans of the war in Iraq, the war in Afghanistan, and the war on Terror, return with not only debilitating physical wounds, but longer lasting psychological wounds of war. Furthermore, there’s a stigma with mental health in the country which dictates; if you seek help for mental health issues, you’re weak. This isn’t only a problem amongst returning veterans, but all citizens. The returning warrior shouldn’t have to go speak with someone about their feelings. This is a common utterance heard when veterans return. The epidemic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) amongst returning veterans, combined with the stigma of weakness and worthlessness for seeking help, is creating an almost impossible transition between military and civilian life. Not only are veterans experiencing issues with PTSD and other psychological afflictions having to battle with these afflictions, but they are finding themselves having difficulty finding help along with trying to cope with an otherwise insensitive and naà ¯ve population of people; some of whom are completely incapable of understanding, let alone empathy towards any situation besides their own. The review you are about to read serves as research into methods of coping, as well as helpful tactics for the reintegrating veteran. Literature Review Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is viewed as a mental disorder.Show MoreRelated The Epidemic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Essay3897 Words   |  16 Pagesfeel hopeless. Children, who may already feel like they can’t do anything, can have worse reactions to situations like domestic violence. A child witnessing or even being a victim of domestic violence can feel hopeless, useless or really any of the traumatic feelings from above and can develop PTSD. In a study about domestic violence exposure to kids they found that when boys encountered abuse they reacted more strongly than the girls did, even if girls reacted differently in other non-violence relatedRead MorePTSD Research Paper1674 Words   |  7 PagesSykes English III Honors 7 April 2014 Living with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder Today, hundreds of thousands of service men and women and recent military veterans have seen combat. Many have been shot at, seen their buddies killed, or witnessed death up close. These are types of events that can lead to Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder PTSD: A Growing Epidemic. â€Å") Anyone that has gone through a traumatic event can be diagnosed with PTSD but research shows, militaryRead MoreHell And Back Again : Movie Analysis1208 Words   |  5 Pagesprovides important insights for exploring the experiences of veterans in light of their traumatic experiences, symptomology, diagnosis, their response, and recovery process. Assessment of the Traumatic Experience The movie Hell and Back Again adopts an original conceit that distinguishes it from the numerous combat documentaries that have been performed in the past 10 years (Kohn, 2011). It depicts the traumatic experiences of Sgt. Nathan Harris during two decisive periods in his life. These twoRead MoreQuestions On Taking Back Your Life Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagesour cognitive abilities allow. Unfortunately unhealthy stimuli from traumatic experiences severely hinder our abilities to communicate to ourselves and others, both verbally and nonverbally, while navigating through life. Some of these unhealthy stimuli result in severe mental illness and on a lesser extent yet still pervasive in our culture are early life adversities including physical and verbal abuses and post traumatic stressors. From these stimuli form unhealthy interpersonal communicationRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )962 Words   |  4 PagesPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively new name for a condition that has bedeviled veterans of the military service members throughout the history of warfare. It has taken people around the world, especially within the military branches an exceptionally long time to understand and face the reality of a growing epidemic known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The best and ideal starting point to understand PTSD would be by raising the question, what is PTSD? According to physiologicalRead More Implications of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for War Veterans1577 Words   |  7 PagesImplications of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for War Veterans War is a complex concept that is increasingly difficult to understand, particularly in an age that allows for live images of combat to be beamed around the world. Many war films depict the brutalities of war and affects war has on participants, but it seems that these representations merely skim the surface. The 20th century is an era that saw a significant amount of military action: World Wars I and II, the Cold War, VietnamRead MoreOpioid War Essay861 Words   |  4 PagesElizabethtown provides counseling and intensive therapy both during the addiction process and for up to a year for all patients after leaving the program (Zsigray 4). The treatment of the addict, and the mental illness and emotional disorders attached to addiction, can fix the epidemic. Patients who treat the addiction by use of corrective therapy are more likely to stay clean than patients who do not (Zsigray 3). Therapy and counseling are a vital part of the recovery process. Americans who can vote, smallerRead MoreFire Causes Mental Illness in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea1273 Words   |  6 PagesAlmost anyone that has had the misfortune of enduring an early childhood traumatic experience will readily admit that it has had lasting effects on his life. A traumatic occurrence at an early time in ones life will not only change the persons way of thinking, but it will also alter the relationships that this person has with certain people, places, or things. Normally comfortable settings will suddenly become extremely uncomfortable. People that the child was once at great ease with unexpectedlyRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Ptsd1434 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood exploitation, rape, incest, or being held up at gunpoint, it is almost always difficult to improve without any guidance. Occasionally, a person can be resilient, while others countlessly suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and develop self destructive behaviors such as an eating d isorder. When in harm’s way, you have two responses, commonly known as â€Å"flight-or-flight.† You are either going to avoid danger or face it head on. With PTSD, this recoil of a decision is altered or impaired. PTSDRead MorePtsd, The Price Of Freedom785 Words   |  4 PagesPTSD, the Price of Freedom Freedom bears a heavy price. Many soldiers pay with their lives, while others relive the sights, sounds, and terror of combat. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects thousands of American veterans each year. Is PTSD simply a weakness, or is it an epidemic? Though historically, the validity of PTSD has been argued, the pain is real, and there is a diagnosis to prove it. Combat-related PTSD stems from witnessing the suffering and death of others, and the exposure

Corporate Influence on Our Political System free essay sample

Corporate Influence on our Political System Anthony Wade Dr. Donatus Uzomah English 215 June 4, 2011 Corporate Influence on our Political System The American political system is built on simple but revolutionary principles from our founding Fathers. These principles state that self-governance is an absolute right and the governments purpose is to serve the interests of the people. Characteristics which are essential to a healthy, functioning democracy.But America has stumbled upon a formidable roadblock to the realization of our founding fathers dream, as Lincoln said, of a country that is of the people, by the people and for the people( Citizens at Work, 2003). There are many factors that distort this reality and the main culprit is the multi- national corporations that are stealing the voices of the people which threatens the interest of American citizens. A good example would be how banking and oil interests have used lobbyists to limit regulatory over site in their prospective industries. Their undue influence has resulted in the biggest financial and environmental disasters in our nations history. The following is an overview of the history of corporate interests, the impact that corporate influence has on the Democratic process and society as a whole. In recent years, corporate influence on our government has dramatically increased. Corporations represented by special interest groups and lobbyists have increased substantially, along with their influence on politicians.This undue influence has given the appearance that the government is now more representative of corporate interests than those of the people it is suppose to represent. The result has been a disparity in wealth between the rich and poor which is now at its highest rates in American history, and still growing. As you will see, the influence and power yielded by the corporations have been detrimental to our democracy. This has not always been the case.In the early history of the United States, corporations had very little influence over government or elections. Corporations required a charter to exist which placed limitations on what it could and could not do. That all changed in 1886 with the Supreme Court decision in the case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad. This ruling , based on the Fourteenth Amendment that protects the rights of freed slaves, gave corporations the rights of a person (Shah, 2002). Which meant that they were now afforded protections under the Constitution.This also meant, that corporations were afforded all the opportunities of individual citizens, such as the right to purchase land, and influence the government in their own interests, among other things (Shah, 2002). The result was, corporations could use the same constitutional rights as citizens to challenge attempts to their power. The fact that corporations were granted same rights as a person, would seem unconstitutional. According to the Thirteenth Amendment, Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exists.If this is true then how can a corporation be owned shareholders and still be constitutional. Shareholders own corporations and corporations own corporations, so if in fact a corporation was a person, to maintain its corporate structure, slavery would have to be made constitutional. The importance of this new corporate status of personhood cannot be overstated, corporations gained constitutional rights of free speech, protections from search and seizure and freedom from discrimination. All of which, can manifest itself into legalized corporate abuses (Citizens at Work, 2003).As stated by Richard Robins in, Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism, the Supreme Court ruling of 1886, set the stage for full scale development of capitalism, by handing to corporations the right to use their economic power in a way they never had before. A more recent Supreme Court ruling in Citizens v. Federal Election Committee affirmed more power for corporations to influence the electoral process, even more than they already had. Corporations are now able to spend unlimited sums of money in the electoral process by funding political commercials and other propaganda to use for or against a candidate.Campaign donations and lobbying are other methods used by corporations to influence government officials and policy. A good example, in the election cycle of 2000, there was an estimated $1. 2 billion given to congressional campaigns in both parties, by corporations. . Unless you are rich, it is nearly impossible to run a viable congressional campaign without corporate financial backing, since their donations make up about 75% of the money that candidates receive . In the most recent election, the candidate who raised the most money won 94% of the time (Citizens at Work, 2003).Without corporate money, it is very difficult for politicians to win elections and maintain their office. Once elected, politicians are inundated with constant reminders from lobbyists, of whose money helped elect them. According to the Office of Public Records, in 2009 there were almost 14,000 lobbyists who were supported by $3. 5 billion of corporate money (geekacademy. com, 2010). With the combination of lobbyists and political donations, corporations are able to pressure politicians to help frame issues that are more favorable to them.And at the same time, keeping critical issues from being brought before Congress which those corporations are against. Political donations and corporate lobbying have proved to be an excellent investment for corporations due to the billions in tax breaks and subsidies they receive yearly. The Department of Treasury estimates that between $70 and $155 billion disappears into the Bermuda Triangle of off shore tax havens each year (Citizens at Work, 2003).A decline in corporate taxes means less revenue for the federal budget and places the burden of making up that revenue on the US workers, through payroll taxes. How do corporations use lobbyists to influence policy decisions in Congress? Lobbyists depend on special relationships they have with members of Congress and the Executive Branch. They maintain these special relationships by keeping in regular contact with key individuals, and having served in the government themselves, lobbyists may have worked with the very same people they are now lobbying. These relationships give them valuable insight into the inner workings of how things get accomplished in government. A good example is, there is a high demand for retired members of the House or Senate to serves as lobbyists for major corporations. These retired members of Congress know the laws and regulation relating to their new employers industry, and they know the inner dealings that went into making those laws. Whats more, former representatives and senators maintain the privilege of going on to the floor of their old chambers.That means that during a vote on a bill, they can go on the floor and lobby current senators or representatives as the case may be. No other lobbyists can do this. So these former legislators have a greater ability to influence the process than someone who doesnt have the privilege of the floor, or the other connections they do. Thus ex-senators and ex-representatives are often valued as lobbyists (Triebwasser, 1998). Many corporations use their government influences to manipulate free trade agreements, so they can enter into international markets that have little regulation and even less monitoring.Corporations use trade agreements to circumvent national safety and environmental standards by claiming these are barriers to free trade. The problem is, this not only reduces our sovereignty, but is a danger to our democracy, as well. A good example would be NAFTA, which has been devastating to the safety of workers and has lessened environment protections on corporations. During its negotiations, human and labor rights, environment protections, and democratic accountability were consciously excluded (Citizens at Work, 2003).The result was the loss of hundreds of thousands of manufacturing jobs, suppressed real wages and reduced worker benefits. Corporations on the other hand, have saved billions on labor costs and costly environmental regulations and have effectively canceled their social contact with the public. Jeff Faux writes in the American Prospect, NAFTA thus represents the most extreme example of the so-called neoliberal model, in which supranational rules liberate the private corporate investor from the constraint of democratic public values (Faux, 2003).The general purpose of why corporations exist, is to maximize shareholder value. This economic imperative translates into, corporations will do whatever it takes to maximize their gains while externalizing all possible costs onto society. The result has been that workers and the environment have become the victims of corporate irresponsibility. With the recent wave of corporate mergers, wealth has been consolidated down to a small number of corporations. In fact, 51 of the worlds 100 largest economies are corporations, while only 49 are countries (see Appendix B). The result is that unaccountable corporations and corporate dominated institutions like the IMF, World Bank and the WTO have more power and influence over governments than the country themselves (Triebwasser, 1998). There is a growing sentiment that a majority of Americans believe there should be less corporate influence on government. According to a recent Gallop poll (see Appendix A), The large majority of Americans (62%) want major corporations to have less influence in the United States.While this is down from a peak of 68% in 2008, it remains well above the 52% recorded in 2001. Relatively few Americans would prefer to see corporations gain influence, but the 12% recorded this year is the highest to date (Saad, 2011). Voters have pushed back against the Supreme Court decision in Citizens United, which took away government power to limit campaign donations and effectively overturned laws in 24 states that banned political expenditures from corporations. Legislative initiatives no w require that corporations have shareholder approval of corporate political spending. Other voter tactics include referendums supporting an anti-corporate personhood amendment to the Constitution, which would take away corporations rights as a person. And encouraging shareholders to adopt resolutions for corporations to adopt corporate accountability. Fighting to ensure that public officials are independent of corporate influence and are beholden only to their voting constituents, activists and public interest advocates throughout the twentieth century have championed various campaign finance reforms aimed at curbing corporate influence in government.Since the Supreme Court decision allowing expanded opportunities for corporations to contribute to election campaigns, the debate surrounding political donations has become increasingly visible and the necessity for reform clear to the public. Theodore Roosevelt once said, let us prohibit in effective fashion all corporations from making contributions for political purpose, directly or indirectly. It is up to the people t o decide if they wish to live in a democracy or a plutocracy (Citizens at Work, 2003). Political finance reform is needed to prevent corporations from benefiting from political donations. Eliminating corporate money from the electoral process is one of the reforms that can help eliminate corporate influence of government. The ultimate goal of campaign finance reform is to move to full public financing of federal and state elections. Two thirds of Americans favor public financing of election campaigns, if it means eliminating corporate and special interest money. A conservative estimate in fixing the political system by removing corporate money and replacing it with taxpayer dollars, is about $5. 2 billion a year, representing one tenth of one percent of federal revenue (Sayles, 2010).Corporate influence would be seriously in the political system would be seriously curtailed, making it possible for solid candidates from all backgrounds to compete. Appendix A The new data come from a Jan. 7-9 Gallup poll. The same survey found 67% of Americans dissatisfied with the size and influence of major corporations in the country today, the highest level since Gallup first asked this question in 2001. Of seven aspects of the United States rated in the poll, Americans are the least satisfied with corporate influence. Appendix BThe following are collected from a report by the Institute for Policy Studies. The report is called Top 200: The Rise of Corporate Global Power. Over time, additional facts and stats will be added from other sources as well. 1. Of the 100 largest economies in the world, 51 are corporations; only 49 are countries (based on a comparison of corporate sales and country GDPs). 2. The Top 200 corporations sales are growing at a faster rate than overall global economic activity. Between 1983 and 1999, their combined sales grew from the equivalent of 25. 0 percent to 27. 5 percent of World GDP. 3. The Top 200 corporations combined sales are bigger than the combined economies of all countries minus the biggest 10. 4. The Top 200s combined sales are 18 times the size of the combined annual income of the 1. 2 billion people (24 percent of the total world population) living in severe poverty. 5. While the sales of the Top 200 are the equivalent of 27. 5 percent of world economic activity, they employ only 0. 78 percent of the worlds workforce. 6. Between 1983 and 1999, the profits of the Top 200 firms grew 362. 4 percent, while the number of people they employ grew by only 14. 4 percent. 7.

Social Informatics International Accreditation Forum

Question: Discuss about theSocial Informaticsfor International Accreditation Forum. Answer: New Way of Doing Existing Activity Using the IAF Future Process: The new way of doing the existing activity using the IAF (International Accreditation Forum) can help in carrying out innovative business practices in the retail sector of Australia. The retail operators in Australia can consider the implementation of the innovative business practices by actively recognizing the problems that are existent in the retail space of Australia. The retail industries In Australia can implement similar systems of Alfred Point of Sale system as has been implemented by the Commonwealth Bank to acquire more customer data (Aiello and McFarland 2015). In addition to this, the retail industry in Australia can also take into account the process of implementation of the best practices such as the Open ERP that can aid the companies in handling several number of sale orders, handling different points of sale, e-commerce, diverse inbound sales. The business corporations operating in the retail industry can implement innovative inbound marketing actions associated to t he 360-degree reporting engine, CRM, timesheets, financial as well as accounting applications. In addition to this, the management of the organizations in the retail sector can implement different innovative teamwork projects that can help in collaborating as well as working on a real time basis for actual outcomes (Aiello and McFarland 2015). Current Practices and Trends The retail sector in Australia has continued to attain high rate growth during the period of the year 2015 as per the reports revealed by the Australian Bureau of StatisticsRetail Trade. However, the reports suggest that the Australian retail turnover has approximately amplifiedby nearly 3.7 per cent between the period September2014 as well as September 2015 (Hara et al. 2014). However, the continued admittance of new as well as non-traditional retailers compels the retailers to alter the way of operations. The operators make use of the social data as well as different omnichannels to augment the overall online experience. Identification of the Key Forces that are Driving Changes The important factors that are driving changes in the retail sector in Australia include the implementation of advanced technologies and mechanisms for carrying out the operations, international trade, trends, legal as well as political forces in addition to different macroeconomic variables (Hara et al. 2014). Reasons for Bringing about Changes and Impact of the Changes The implementation of the new technologies and integration of the new technologies with different actions of the retail industry can help in attaining digitalization. The implementation of the new technologies can increase the competitiveness and in turn can increase the overall ablity of enterprises to play a significant role in the overseas markets. References Aiello, L.M. and McFarland, D. eds., 2015.Social Informatics: SocInfo 2014 International Workshops, Barcelona, Spain, November 11, 2014, Revised Selected Papers(Vol. 8852). Springer. Hara, N., Fichman, P., Jarrahi, M.H., Rosenbaum, H., Fleischmann, K.R. and Butler, B., 2014. Social informatics and social media: Theoretical reflections.Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology,51(1), pp.1-3.