Assignment free essay sample

As can be seen in the graph of country distribution of the top 100 female tennis players, Russia have the highest proportion, account for 14% of 100 sampled female tennis players. Follow by United States and Czech Republic with 8%. France, Australia and Spain have the same proportion with 5%. The rest of other countries contribute to 49% of distribution. b) Consider the 2010 earning distribution of the top 100 female tennis players. Illustrate with a histogram and describe it with appropriate numerical descriptive statistics. Does this distribution appear to be normally distributed? Use some descriptive statistical tools and statistical test(s) to answer this question. * These histogram are clearly asymmetrical and the superimposed normal curve is a little bit do not fit to them well, infact the histogram are skewed to the right so the sample is non-normal distribution * The sample mean is far above the median. Other important measures of the normality are the skewness and kurtosis. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (In normal distribution the values of skew and kurtosis are close to 0). However in this sample, both of them are large positive. Moreover, we have z-score of skewness is 12. 59 and z-score of kurtosis is 20. 93 indicates respectively a very significant positive skew and very significant kurtosis. * These histogram are clearly asymmetrical and the superimposed normal curve is a little bit do not fit to them well, infact the histogram are skewed to the right so the sample is non-normal distribution. Both p-value are approximately . 00, so that at 5% level of significance level the earnings distribution is appeared to be non-normal. The points on the PP Plot are scarttered far more loosely around the diagonal. Namely, they tend to be above the diagonal at the lower end of the distribution and below it in the middle. Hence the sample are unlikely to be normal distributed. c) Draw a random sample of 15 female tennis players without replacement from the 2010 population of the top 100 female tennis players and present it in a table. Assignment free essay sample Practice of Management Assignment Individual assignment to be done as homework To be done in Word with a cover page Watch the full interview from the link below with Indra Nooyi, CEO of Pepsi Co and answer the following questions based on the Interview Interview link: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ft7G549GF3Y Answer the questions with as much detail as possible Question 1 How do you feel about a boss who makes the strong connections with their staff and heir staffs families as Indra Nooyi does? Question 2 What is the operating philosophy of Pepsi Co? (explain in detail) Question 3 What was the specific initiative Indra Nooyi did to get ready for her first Job as a product manager for a textile company? Question 4 What are the characteristics that Indra Nooyi looks for when recruiting for the Pepsi co? Question 5 What does Mrs. Nooyi mean by dont run for office? Question 6 How did Pepsi Co handle the acquisition of Tropicana? Co? Question 5 Assignment free essay sample Explain why you would prefer this type. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) Personally, I would prefer to choose debt funding. That way I wouldn’t have to share part of my company. Not the biggest fan of sharing (: c. If you needed to get funding for your company, describe at least two sources of funding that you would prefer. Explain why you would prefer these sources of funding. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) Like I said in an earlier question, I would use debt funding. And hopefully get money from angel investors. d. List at least four operating costs your business might have. (1. points) location, supplies, employees, equipment, administration and cash reserve. e. Consider the industry of your company and the current economy, and then explain how these factors might impact your company’s sales. If you do not think these factors would impact your sales, explain why they wouldnt. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) In the current economy buying supplies might be more expensive than t hey would in a better economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Paying for employees would still be about the same. Location might be really rather easy, Deepening on whether or not there’s a pet shop nearby. f. If you had $5,000 to start this company, which department would get the most funding? Which department would get the least funding? Which phase of the business would be the most expensive? (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) I think the sales department would get the most funding because our main goal would be to sell these animals to a good home. The least funding department would be Information technology department because we wouldn’t really need a fancy network database. I think the start stage would be the most expensive. 2. Review the Financial Statements: Income Statement from Section 9, Lesson 2 of this course. Use the information from the example income statement for Jamies Bead Jewelry to answer the questions below. a. What are the two sources of revenue for the company? (0. 5 points) b. What is the companys total revenue? (0. 5 points) c. What is the companys net profit? (0. 5 points) d. Is the company experiencing a profit, or a loss? (0. 5 points) 3. Review the Financial Statements: Balance Sheet from Section 9, Lesson 2 of this course. Use the information from the example balance sheet for Jamies Bead Jewelry to answer the questions below. a. What is the value of the companys assets? 0. 5 points) b. What is the total of the companys liabilities? (0. 5 points) c. What is the total owner equity? (0. 5 points) 4. Calculate the following financial ratios. TIP: If you dont remember how to calculate financial ratios, review the Calculating Financial Ratio pages from Section 9, Lesson 2 of this course. a. A company makes a net profit before tax of $12,000 and has $20,000 in total equity. Cal culate the companys return on equity as a percentage. (0. 5 points) b. A company makes a net profit before tax of $5,000 and has total assets with a value of $10,000. Calculate the companys return on assets as a percentage. (0. 5 points) c. A company has $1,400 in liabilities and $1,500 in assets. Calculate the companys debt ratio as a percentage. (0. 5 points) d. A company has $1,400 in liabilities and $1,500 in equity. Calculate the companys debt to equity ratio as a percentage. (0. 5 points) e. A companys current assets are $30,000 and current liabilities are $19,000. Calculate the companys current ratio as a percentage. Does the company have enough assets to pay its liabilities? (1. 0 points) Assignment free essay sample The first step to manage time is to work out how much it costs the institution and it can be done in units eg an = 1 unit . The analysis should include project team members salaries, the cost of office space the team occupy, equipment and facilities in use, expenses, administrative support etc. Activity Logs Measuring the status quo Monitoring the way in which you spend your time an activity log is highly effective. It is easy to to believe that you spent all your day working if you work purely from memory . Job Clarification An effective way of ensuring that you concentrate on the right things is to agree them with your supervisor or project stake holders. Specification A specification is the definition of your project; this is a statement of the problem and not the solution. As the basis for planning of various tasks of a project, specification should be used. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These specifications should be specific and clear. Normally, the specifications contain errors, ambiguities and misunderstandings to derail the project and the entire team. Before embarking upon WBS on vague specification, the project manager must read and revise and ensure that everyone concerned with the project is working with the same understanding. All members must understand what the problem is. The outcome of this deliberation should be a written definition of what is required, by when; and this must be agreed by all involved. The agreement upon a written specification has several benefits * The clarity will reveal misunderstandings The completeness will remove contradictory assumptions. The rigour of the analysis will expose technical and practical details * The agreement forces all project stakeholders to actually read and think about the details The places to look for errors in a specification are : The holistic persective: The interface : Time Scales : External dependencies They are determined by the project management team during the activity sequence process . It involves a relationship between project and non-project activities such as activities outside the project team’s control (e. . dependence on external sources for deliveries , environmental factors governed by statutes) Resources There is a fundamental formula that ties together the duration of an activity against the amount of work effort required and the resources needed to complete that work within the estimate activity resource process. The type and quantities of material, people, equipment or supplies required to perform each activity is closely co-ordinated with the estimate costs process. Tool and techniques used are * Expect judgement * Alternative’s analysis * Published estimating data * Bottom –up estimating * Project management software Activity Resource requirements Identifies the types and quantities of resources required for each activity in a work package Determines the estimated resources for each work package by aggregating their requirements like the types and the quantities Will be documented by including basis of estimates and assumptions made . Project document updates The project documents that may be updated include * Activity list * Activity attributes Work Breakdown Structure Remain on time : establish control There are two key elements to the control of a project * Milestones * Establish means of communication A milestone schedule notes a few key events, called milestones, on a calendar bar chart . Milestones have been defined as events clearly verifiable by other people or requiring approval before proceeding further. The simple way to construct milestones is to take the timing information from the work breakdown structure and sequence diagram. The second method is to construct more significant milestones . These can be found by identity stages in the development of a project which are recognisable as steps towards final product. Sometimes these are simply the higher levels of your structure; for instance the completion of a market –evaluation phases . Sometimes they cut across many parallel activities. Useful type of milestone when running parallel activities It provides an excellent opportunity for quality checking and for review * They all have a shared goal (the common milestone) * You have something tangible which your team can celebrate and which constitutes a short term goal in a possibly long term project * Their responsibly to (and dependence upon ) each other is emphasised * Each can provide a new (but informed) viewpoint on the others work * You have something tangible which seni or management can recognise as progress Communication is your everything Testing and quality assurance Assignment free essay sample Given the rich cultural depth of the Castle brand in South Africa, Castle Draught can present a very unique through the line marketing opportunity. There are however Castle brand constraints to overcome and opportunities to leverage. The constraints that need to be de-emphasized are perceptions related to low cost (cheap) and old-school (not trendy), body-effect (gas and hang over) and taste (the notion that a drinker must first acquire a taste for the beer). This substantially drives away new drinkers in favour of retaining the existing customer base only. In de-emphasizing the constraints, they must be decisively replaced for Castle Draught with substantial alternative consumer oriented appeal. This repositioning is radical but not without risk, however a mediocre intervention will yield an inevitably mediocre result. To some extent the risk will be mitigated by a trusted and strong underlying mother castle brand. The competition is fierce and the on-going subject of raging debate in drinking circles. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Competitor offerings must be taken head-on. Draught such as Heineken and Windhoek enjoys an appeal similar to Coca Cola in its pervasiveness and intensity, and therefore presents a very serious sustainable challenge. Castle Draught as a variant to Castle Lager has not enjoyed sufficient differentiation in its initial launch. It is proposed that it be re-launched with substantially revised context and stunningly differentiated impact. Accordingly, the â€Å"untouchable† assumptions must be revisited within a conservative framework of retaining base brand identity and embedded brand strength, as well as the existing customer base; the proposed alternative appeal are the following Taste (controlled reduction HOP content and extra filtration to enhance smoothness) Brand markings (Slightly larger size with hologram surface differentiation) Bottle colour (marginally brighter) Brand identity –whilst traditionally most emphasis has been on the roots and tradition in SA, this has other historic political connotations considering the intended target market being the young black male and the brand identity must be exploited and further leveraged and moved out of the closet into the open to take on the other brands directly. Castle Draught scope as a product must be re-viewed to consider repositioning as a more premium brand for South Africa and selected other countries. A substantial and pervasive intervention is required to support the radical and sustained re-launch as follows: 1. Revitalise (brighten) bottle colour (From brown to dawn glow, brand markings, taste and cost with specific deliberate change to a soft luminous green glow in the dark. (Glass luminosity is available from technical perspective) 2. Create refreshing slogan material: Your Draught from your Castle; Dawn of Draught etc. 3. Identify and establish synergy with trending jet setting material for the target market. 4.  Identify and leverage exclusive synergistic industry and sport affiliation for the target market with the objective of driving loyalty and brand first mention in an attempt to capture the below the line marketing initiative for the beer industry in a conclusive and sustainable manner. 5. Establish a trendy mobility platform for smart phones leveraging gaming, synergistic companies, and advertising and customer surveys to advance below the line marketing at relativ ely low cost 6. Leverage young set celebrities for role modelling.  7. Re-define the distribution model to fully exploit the channels that have currently emerged as winners (Counter sales no doubt has the highest convenience and access –billboard support and even uniforms and T-shirts for higher volume customers are likely to take this forward ) 8. Review packaging in total –consideration of larger volume packages for counter sales convenience specifically The launch campaign must be built up gradually to peak at 2015 to allow for tentative surveying and direction setting. This will be a dynamic launch, tentatively sensing customer preference in this emerging market to confirm direction within all the dimensions. This supports typical customer and market survey results as per Appendices A-E Internal/Situational Analysis To fully understand the market positioning of Castle Lager brand in general and Draught in particular, a full situational analysis is required. This requires understanding SABMiller’s capabilities, customers and business environment. This analysis considers the macro and micro environmental factors that affect SABMiller externally and internally respectively. The purpose is to indicate SABMiller organizational and product portfolio, as well as the overall sustainability of their business. Macro environmental analysis This constitutes a review of all the factors that SABMiller is unable to control, also illustrating the current business environment. Pestle Analysis A common tool for conducting this analysis is the PESTEL, which include factors from the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal aspects in the business environment. The ultimate purpose of this analysis is to create a strategy that will leverage as many of these external factors as possible in SABMiller’s favour. Political SABMiller is a global brand and in terms of its operations in South Africa is affected by national government regulations and legal issues. These issues impose strategic constraints and also provide opportunities for Castle draught. For example, government is strongly campaigning against drunk-driving and underage drinking which can affect the tendency of people to drink beer in restaurants, pubs and bars. Government debate to increase drinking age limitation will affect Castle Lager market segments and market share. Higher sin taxes in 2013 budget speech affect beer price increases adversely and thereby affect demand by beer consumers. Therefore, buying packaged beer and in bulk may be the new trend for the consumer. The Government has the power to penalise industries that do not meet legal or regulatory requirements. The brand is linked to a previous era and related political dispensation that the vibrant and growing new consumer does not associate strongly with. Economic factors SABMiller is affected at the macroeconomic level due to high inflation rate in the country. Salary increases are also not keeping up with the rate of inflation increase. Consumer’s purchasing power is decreasing, disposable income is lower and consequently price plays a greater role in a consumer’s decision to buy. Consumers might prefer to drink at home or in groups and buy packaged beer in bulk as it is more cost effective than drinking out. High levels of unemployment, costs of raw materials such as energy (ESKOM), petrol, interest rates, will have a substantial adverse impact. A recession depresses business causing lower spend. Depressed spend together with a move to alcohol, and specifically lower cost brands creates activity at the lower ends of product price ranges. In the budget speech an announcement was made to increase excise duties of alcohol products between 5 and 10%. Inflation is high in South Africa. Electricity price hikes, fuel price increases, food and drink prices have increased as a result. The consumer’s purchasing power is decreasing, disposable income is lower and consequently price influences consumer decision to buy. Consumers might prefer to drink at home and buy packaged beer in bulk as it is more cost effective than eating out. Castle Draught represents a lower end cost product, and from affordability perspective is likely to be favoured in terms of volumes providing a premium and purpose built connotation can be created in favour of a low cost â€Å"dad’s drink†. Social Factors According to researched information from social media and questionnaires conducted as indicated in the appendix A,B, C, E below, most of beer lovers change from strong beers to light beer’s (low-alcohol) because they believe this is healthier. Light beers calorie percentage is lower than regular beers. However some people argue that light beers are nothing but marketing strategy. Castle draught was introduced to the market to compete with other light beer rivals in the market. Furthermore consumers have reduced their beer consumption because diet and health issues. These consumers think beer affects body fat because of the calories; therefore consumers switch to wine, malt-flavoured alcoholic drinks. The Living Standard Measure (LSM) affects consumption patterns of the different income groups. The emerging black middle class have the greatest buying power and shows increased consumption. Growing concerns about alcohol abuse are a concern to SABMiller and have accordingly sponsored the Arrive Alive campaign (don’t drink and drive). Changing social attitudes and tastes such as the way individuals spend their leisure time, for example; going to the cinema, or just hanging out with friends. Peer pressure is an on-going issue. Underage drinking levels are increasing. Virtual presence is increasing, and can be leveraged to further develop the idea of togetherness and friendship within the context of Castle Draught. Technological Technology assists SABMiller to develop more efficient distribution channels and upgrade facilities with technology that increase the brewing process and improve the quality of the cultivate ingredients and harvesting process. This helps to increase consistency and reduce costs. SABMiller is very rich in using information Technology for their production process because its large operations are highly dependent on the availability of information systems. The control room in the production facility reveals the centralisation of control within the plant. In addition, the increased filtration for the Draught is as a result of technological innovation. Technology facilitates quicker change to: Changes to certain products Introduction of new products, such as; fruit flavoured beers Economies of scale in brewing and distribution Responding to consumers tastes and preferences changing depending on ones mood Creating another variant or tweaking an existing one Platforms of social media and mobility Legal Factors Legal issues affect the beer industry when packaging, advertising and labelling. When advertising beer products target consumer age must be over 18 years. Therefore SAB has to obey rules and regulations in South Africa where it operates. SAB message ‘arrive alive’. There is also legislation as this affects food production. There is a future strategy of government to limit alcohol advertising and related sports sponsorships. Supposing advertising is prohibited or limited, market share will remain static. The continued high volume production of alcohol beverage within a legal framework is imperative to ensure that Castle Draught enjoys substantial and authentic re-launch. Environmental factors Preserving the environment is becoming a major global drive. Recycling waste is becoming increasingly important. The waste bottles and tins should be re-used or re-cycled. Recycled glass accounts for more than 30% of the materials used to produce new bottles. For example Heineken International (2011), points out that glass is used in 76% of packaging material for beer and they distribute beer in returnable packaging for reduce waste environmental pollution. Water is the primary ingredient for brewing process. SABMiller has built on-site water treatment plants to reprocess and purify water for the brewing process. They also use Bio-Energy Recovery Systems (BERS) to treat wastewater, reducing its strength and volume while creating a renewable biogas that helps fuel their breweries. Other remaining waste water in production units is discharged after the treatment of on-site wastewater treatment plants. Summary of PESTLE as this relates to Castle Draught The PESTLE analysis performed above is an audit of SABMiller’s environmental influences and the purpose is to use this information to guide their strategic decision-making. The assumption is that if SABMiller is able to audit its current environment and assess potential changes, Castle draught will be better placed than its competitors to respond to changes. Porter’s 5 Forces Given significant rivalry in the beer industry, it is critical that the following competitive dynamics are understood to establish the attractiveness of the industry and the receptivity to a â€Å"new† Draught. New market entrants Barriers to entry in the low volume beer market are low and this has been a stimulus for smaller brewers (micro-breweries) to enter the market in recent years and make the industry more competitive and less attractive. However these micro-breweries serve a niche market, as their beer offers consumers a unique taste, sells at a premium, and is sold at select locations only. Hence they are unlikely to tap into the mass-produced beer market of SAB and are not considered a threat. The required plant and equipment to compete at this level of volume is high cost; therefore the barrier to entry is high for immediate high volume competitors. The existing brands are very strong (SABMiller, Heineken etc. ) which makes it difficult for new high volume entrants to emerge. For high volume production, the capital infrastructure is also prohibitively high, effectively preventing entry to this market on a pure capital cost basis. The existing distribution channels are also established through strong relationships with various supply chain partners, and new supply and distribution channels will take time and effort to develop. In addition, advertising cost is very high, and high volume producers are able to stay ahead because of the affordability. This threat of new entrants into high volume market is consequently low. A high volume Lager or Draught from a new entrant is very unlikely, unless Heineken or one of the other larger brands is on the brink of a new introduction into the market. The bargaining power of suppliers SAB suppliers provide raw material for the product, labelling, bottling, distribution etc. In this regard the raw material and distribution is mission critical. The suppliers of raw materials to SABMiller are mainly farming communities contracted to SABMiller. SABMiller has the significant market share (approximately 90% of the South African market), work closely with local suppliers to stimulate local economic growth and boost local jobs and income. The next biggest competitor to SABMiller, being Brandhouse Beverages, cannot match the magnitude of SABMiller’s supply needs; therefore there is no better substitute for the farming communities. The construction of the new malting plant in Alrode, Gauteng will further increase SAB’s local footprint. Hence the bargaining power of suppliers is low. The bargaining power of buyers From SABMiller perspective, the bargaining power of bulk buyers is as relevant as consumers. The bulk purchasers of beer (Counter sales, taverns etc. ) have high bargaining power because there are a number of bulk suppliers of beer. Consumers also have many choices because many companies that make beer each sell multiple brands of beer (e. g. : Heineken, Amstel, Windhoek, Guinness). Consequently the bargaining power of beer consumers is high, which is a threat to SABMiller. This threat is mitigated somewhat by SAB being a local producer of beer, having built a legacy of excellence over more than a century. They have built that emotional association to its products with their target market. Considering all of the above, the buyers have high bargaining power and the associated Castle Draught offer must be compelling and captivating in its essence. The threat of substitutes Substitutes for beer include any beverage, but specific attention is placed on alcohol substitutes. People can switch to wines, ciders or whiskeys which also contain alcohol. Consumers’ tastes differ so they have a right to choose what they want to enjoy, so this will affect the beer market and SAB. Hence the threat of substitutes is high. Considering Castle Draught as a product, the main substitute in the eyes of the consumer is apparently Heineken Draught, given the historic volumes of the two productions and as a result this substitute poses a substantial past and future threat to Castle Draught. The extent of competitive rivalry Brandhouse Beverage supplies a quality range of beers with strong brand recognition but their market share increase has been constrained by SABMiller. The sheer heritage of the Castle brand and its ability to last the test of time has made it a favourite amongst the majority of beer lovers in South Africa and has ensured brand loyalty. The beer market in South Africa is competitive but the SABMiller premium portfolio brands occupy a significant share of the market and that is unlikely to change. From a draught perspective, Heineken is the market leader followed by Castle. Castle has the advantage in that it can use its brand strength and loyalty as a shield, to allow its new draught offering to ease its way into the market, with little risk. Rivalry is strong both from beer and industry perspective. Summary of findings using Porter’s five forces –as this relates to Castle Draught Porters tool is a simple but powerful tool for understanding where power lies in a business situation. This is useful, because it helps SABMiller understand both the strength of their current competitive position, and the strength of a position they are considering moving into. With a clear understanding of where power lies, they can take fair advantage of a situation of strength, improve a situation of weakness, and avoid taking wrong steps. This makes it an important part of their planning toolkit. Therefore, with help of the tool, it was found that the barrier to entry is low, bargaining power of supply is low, bargaining power buyer is high, rivalry is strong and there is substitute for beer, thus making the industry unattractive to new comers. The underlying warning and opportunity given the rivalry is that a new Draught launch will have to be compelling and captivating to a new and growing vibrant market that is not very well understood by all but local associates. Market analysis Market analysis is critical to position Draught for SABMiller to enable evaluation of existing strategies and provide direction and guidance on how to tap on to new markets while accomodating loyal customers. This analysis will ensure that SABMiller keeps in tune with trends in the market place, abreast of customer needs and aware of the competition. Today’s world is complex and dynamic, SABMiller acknowledges that new initiatives are continuously required to generate a sustainable source of future support for their brand and to survive over the long term. This is all the reason they need to develop a full through-the-line marketing plan for its Castle Lager Draught, using all mediums of the marketing mix that will assist in driving sales among non-Castle Lager drinkers. Through-the-line marketing implies a marketing campaign that combines both expensive activities like national TV adverts (above the line) and less/inexpensive activities like direct mail executions (below the line). Customer analysis For SABMiller to fully understand their customers’ needs calls for the development of a market or customer led strategy that offers value to customers. Also, because SABMiller intends to attract new customers and retain the loyalty of current ones this analysis is a priority. It will assist them to be customer-centric, i. e. treating each interaction in a way that is highly personalized and targeted. The starting point will be to conduct customer segmentation, which will intelligently divide customers for more relevant interactions. The tabe below depicts the market segment; In addition, SABMiller needs to identify and leverage exclusive synergistic industry and sport affiliation for the target market with the objective of driving loyalty and brand first mention in an attempt to capture the below the line marketing initiative for the beer industry in a conclusive and sustainable manner. Furthermore, SABMiller needs to establish a trendy mobility platform for leveraging gaming, synergistic apps, and advertising and customer surveys to advance below the line marketing at relatively low cost. This can be done through a comprehensive Market Mix (four C’s) which will warrant that customers are SABMiller’s prime focus as follows: Consumer – SABMiller can embark on traditional marketing mix where the primary focus is on products; however their primary focus should be the customer. This will enable them to make sure that the variant products like Castle Draft satisfy their customers. See appendix B, C, D and especially E that portrays a snapshot of existing and potential customer needs. Cost – SABMiller needs to give the cost variable a special attention. More so because SABMiller wants to attract the young, fun, outgoing people who love entertainment, clubbing, and mostly those who love sport and having fun with friends. The perceptions and facts related to low cost (cheap) and old-school (not trendy), might drive away new drinkers in favour of retaining the existing customer base only (oldies). In de-emphasizing the constraints, SABMiller must decisively replace this with alternative consumer oriented appeal. Communication – The marketing communications for SABMiller should be completely revised to cater for the different target segments. The need is to create refreshing slogan material: Your Draught from your Castle; â€Å"The dawn of Draught† etc. In establishing trendy mobility platform for leveraging gaming, synergistic apps, and advertising and customer surveys SABMiller can leverage young set celebrities for role modeling, etc. to advance below the line marketing at relatively low cost. Convenience – In order to attract the new customer base, the convenience of the customer in acquiring the product plays a critical role. We recommend SABMiller exploits an already advanced distribution model to fully exploit the channels that have currently emerged as winners (Counter sales no doubt has the highest convenience and access – billboard support and even uniforms and T-shirts for higher volume customers are likely to take this forward). Also, they need to review packaging in total – considering larger volume packages for counter sales convenience specifically. Leveraging the 6W Model of Customer Analysis the following can be found. Who are the customers? Castle Lager was the big beer brand in the South African market. It started rapidly losing market share after South Africa’s political landscape changed. The brand struggled. The cool crowd, the young progressive black urban market, saw Castle as an out-dated brand drunk by older men. The target market for castle lager is the not so young, but fun, outgoing people who love entertainment, who love clubbing, and mostly those who love sport and having fun with friends. The challenge is to get it back into the hearts and minds of the identified target market, 18-24 city living black males. Because Castle Lager is the mother brand for Castle Draft it has the same customer base where the rationale for the development of a full through the line marketing plan came from. What do the customers do with the product? Today the beer that prides itself on celebrating genuine friendships and great taste and refreshment is brewed in nine countries and enjoyed in over 40 countries worldwide. Castle Lager connects with its target audience with humour and the focus on real friendships – all with a South African flair. It’s always about a close circle of friends making a plan to help a friend, to celebrate a special moment, to get to a game, or to simply to catch up on each other’s lives. Everything about Castle Lager shouts local is lekker. And Castle Lager is not paying lip-service to its support of local sport. It is premier sponsor of Bafana Bafana; principal sponsor of the Proteas Test Cricket team; sponsor of the Castle South Africa 2009 Lions Series; associate sponsor of the Springbok Rugby team; official beer supplier to Super 14 2009; and official beer supplier to PSL 2009. Castle Lager hasn’t won massive support based solely on ad campaigns and the support of local sport. If it didn’t taste great, no amount of marketing would help elevate it to the number one position in Johannesburg. According to the feedback of independent tasters, Castle Lager’s balance of taste and refreshment is based on the perfect orchestration of 13 flavour notes to create a beautiful symphony in the mouth. Mastering this distinctive taste requires superior knowledge and experience and that’s why Castle Lager brew masters are amongst the best in their field. In fact, the Castle Lager brewing process has not changed over the years. It’s a process that produces a beautiful liquid that brings friends together time and time again. Where do they buy the product – Channels of distribution? Industry leaders, such as SABMiller have well established channels of distribution over the years, which make it more difficult for newcomers to enter the market. Due to the fact that SABMiller produces such a high volume of the market share, have strong market presence in South Africa, and are now working on expansion into international markets, they receive high volume discounts on their shipping rates, and have established beneficial distribution partnerships. What are the implications here – direct marketing? Company resources and name recognition are distinctive strength. These are areas where the company excels, in comparison to its competitors. When people discuss beer commercials, the Castle Lager commercials are easy to remember, and create a lasting impression. SABMillers hotels and licensed house interests were rationalized with the launch of the wholly owned subsidiary, Southern Sun in 1969. SABMillers hotel interests were held through the Southern Sun group, and through Southern Sun Gaming SABMiller held a 50% share in the casino company Tsogo Sun. The remaining 50% of Tsogo Sun was held by Tsogo Investments, a broad-based black empowerment group. In December 2002, SABMiller Tsogo Investments announced the most important empowerment deal yet in South Africa, with an agreement that resulted in the transfer of both companies interests into a new company, Tsogo Sun Holdings (Limited), which is controlled by Tsogo Investments. When do they buy the product – seasonal, situational? In the beer industry there are more buyers than there are firms in the market. Since more than 50% of the South African population buys and consumes beer on a regular basis, it would indicate that there is significant buyer concentration. Castle Lager can be enjoyed with a bowl of biltong watching the Lions kicking the seven shits out of the Sharks / Stormers / Bulls / Cheetahs. In winter I just love Guinness, Castle is for summer. Why do they buy? According to the customer survey attached as appendix A â€Å"Castle Lager, fell out of heaven, landed in SA, and enjoyed ever since. I have in my life drank many a beers, mostly dozen a day for 35 years†. Castle has very fine taste very good quality and affordable. Nothing beat castle lager and if you can find it in draught even better. Castle Lager is the best beer one can come across in my life. You can try other beers from other manufacturers, but still it remains on top†. In summary An understanding of the above (6W) helps to reveal: Customer value Customer needs Customer segments For Castle Draft to entice new customers and keep the existing one customer value, needs and segmentation is of utmost importance. Constantly shifting customer needs and competitive pressure has assisted Heneken to stay ahead in the market. How? How Castle Draught can be re-positioned to meet these criteria by replacing their strategies with alternative consumer oriented appeal. Castle Draught as a variant to Castle Lager has not enjoyed sufficient differentiation in its initial launch. It is proposed that it be re-launched as a product as a premium brand for selected other countries than South Africa. 1. To create refreshing slogan material: Your Draught from your Castle; â€Å"I am connected. † â€Å"Castle fell from heaven, landed in South Africa and enjoyed ever since. † Draught is your Castle in the sky. † etc. 2. Identify and establish synergy with trending jet setting material for the target market. 3. Identify and leverage exclusive synergistic industry and sport affiliation for the target market with the objective of driving loyalty and brand first mention in an attempt to capture the below the line marketing initiative for the beer industry in a conclusive and sustainable manner. 4. Establish a trendy mobility platform for leveraging gaming, synergistic apps, and advertising and customer surveys to advance below the line marketing at relatively low cost 5. Leverage young set celebrities for role modeling. This will be a dynamic launch sensing customer preference to confirm direction within all the dimensions. This supports typical customer and market survey results as per Appendix A. Competitor analysis The primary aim of a marketing strategy is to satisfy the customer better than competitors can. It is to identify and differentiate itself positively from its competitors by using competitive intelligence methods Jooste, et al. (2012). Heineken has made strides in relation to this statement successfully identified and differentiated itself better than the other competitor. Identification of Competitors The following competitor classification is identified: Market leader –In1998 Castle Lager was the dominant market share leader in South Africa. Currently the Castle Lager brand, in terms of Draught, is the market challenger in the industry. Heineken is currently regarded as the market leader. Challenge – Castle Draught is currently the challenger Follower –Windhoek Draught follows Heineken and Castle Draught One type of competitor identification is the organisations offering the same or similar products and services now. In that instance, the Castle Draught, Heineken and Windhoek are classified as types of organisations offering the same or similar products, which is beer. The source of competition for Castle is that the competitor is competing to satisfy the same customer needs, which is Windhoek and Heineken drinkers. It is also a brand competition in terms of promoting the Castle lager brand. The following future competitive threats sources: Companies competing in a related product/market. The future competitive threats sources for Castle Draught will be all companies competing in the related product and market, however big and small. The future competitors sources will therefore remain Heineken and Windhoek, and possible premium entrants which may be coming from other countries, this are likes of Stella Artoise from Belgium. This company brands are using similar technologies of marketing their brands and will also target the Castle Lager and Draught drinkers. Companies using related technologies – Heineken and Castle most likely use the same technologies Companies already targeting your prime market segment of unrelated product – Both companies are targeting the same market segments Companies from other geographical areas – Both companies are  also competing on the same geographical areas Analysis of Strategic Groups Strategic group pursue similar competitive strategies, e. g. same distribution channels, or an aggressive low-price approach. In this case SAB and Brandhouse are strategic group of companies applying similar techniques to gain a competitive edge. They are also more or less equa lly large brand companies will similar assets and production scales. The following are the characteristics of identifying strategic groups: Size and market share. Brandhouse Heineken has large market share than Castle Draught Extent of product/service. This two groups focus on targeting the beer drinkers Geographic coverage. Both cover the same geographic areas, especially in South African urbanised areas. Market segment served. Castle Lager and Draught has dominated the older people segment which is the old generations while Heineken has served all the markets with the image of a premium beer. Type of distribution channel. Both use similar distribution channels which is transporting to similar warehouses and liquo Assignment free essay sample Independent variable (x) †¢ Also called predictor or explanatory or manipulated variable †¢ the variable in regression that can be controlled or manipulated Dependent variable (y) †¢ Also called the response variable †¢ the variable that cannot be controlled or manipulated 7 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my 8 Dependent(x) Vs. Independent(y) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Intentionally manipulated Controlled Vary at known rate Cause †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Intentionally left alone Measured Vary at unknown rate Effect Example: What affects a student’s arrival to class? Variables: †¢ Type of School ? FSPPP, Business School, FSKM Type of Student ? Gender? CGPA? †¢ Class Time ? Morning, Afternoon, Evening †¢ Mode of Transportation ? Motorcycle, Car, UiTM bus 2 QMT412 Pn. Sanizahs Notes 02/05/2013 9 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my 10 Scatter Plot (scatter diagram) †¢ A scatter plot is used to show the relationship between two variables. †¢ The scatter plot is a visual way to describe the nature of the relationship between the independent variable (x) and the dependent variable (y). We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ Interpreting scatter plots: ? ? ? ? Positive linear relationship Negative linear relationship Nonlinear relationship No relationship Scatter Plot Examples Linear relationships y y Nonlinear (Curvilinear) relationships Positive x y x y x Negative x 11 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my 12 Scatter Plot Examples Strong relationships y y (continued) Weak relationships Scatter Plot Examples No relationship y (continued) x y y x y x x x x 3 QMT412 Pn. Sanizahs Notes 02/05/2013 13 14 Example 1 (pg. 134) x 1 3 5 7 9 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my Correlation Coefficient [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my †¢ Draw a scatter diagram for the following data and state the type of relationship between the variables. 13 17 Correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of a LINEAR relationship between a pair of random variables. y 0 5 11 14 19 22 30 The POPULATION correlation coefficient ? (rho) measures the strength of the association between the variables. The sample correlation coefficient r or ? s is an estimate of ? and is used to measure the strength of the linear relationship in the sample observations. 15 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my 16 Correlation Coefficient †¢ â€Å"r† or â€Å"? s† indicates†¦ ? strength of relationship (strong, weak, or none) ? direction of relationship ? ositive (direct) – variables move in same direction ? negative (inverse) – variables move in opposite directions †¢ r ranges in value from –1. 0 to +1. 0. Moderate Weak Weak Moderate Do Variables Relate to One Another? Is teacher’s pay related to performance? Is exercise related to illness? Is CO2 related to global warmi ng? Is TV viewing related to shoe size? Is shoe size related to height? Is height related to IQ? Is cigarettes smoked per day related to lung capacity? Positive Negative Positive Zero Negative -1. 0 -ve Perfect Positive -0. 8 -0. 5 0. 0 No Relationship +0. 5 +0. 8 +1. 0 +ve Perfect Very Strong Strong Strong Very Strong 4 QMT412 Pn. Sanizahs Notes 02/05/2013 17 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my 18 Positive correlation Two variables move in the same direction Negative correlation Two variables tend to go in the opposite direction 19 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my Pearson Coefficient of Correlation †¢ Both variables must be quantitative and normally distributed. †¢ Calculation for r : r? Methods for Calculating Correlation Coefficient, r or ? s ?n ? ? ? xy ? ? x? y 2 2 ? x ? x ? ? ? n? y 2 ? y ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? n 2 Pearson ProductMoment Correlation Coefficient Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient or r? xy ? ?n ? ? x ? 2 ? ? y 2 ? y ? 2 ? x 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? n ? n ? xy ? ? ? ? [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my 20 5 QMT412 Pn. Sanizahs Notes 02/05/2013 Example 2 †¢ Refer to Example 1. Compute Pearson coefficient of correlation and interpret the result. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient †¢ Spearman’s rank correlation coefficie nt is a measure of association between two variables that are at least of ordinal scale (suitable for qualitative data). †¢ Can also be applied to quantitative data but the variables must firsts be ranked and then only it is calculated based on these rankings. ? x ? ________ ? x 2 ? ________ ? ? ________ ? y 2 ? ________ ? xy ? ________ n ? ________ r? ? xy ? ?n ? ? x ? 2 ? ? ? y ? 2 ? x 2 ? ? ? y 2 ? ? ? ? n ? ? n ? xy ? ? ? ? ?s ? 1 ? 6? d 2 n ( n 2 ? 1) where: d = difference between two ranks n = number of pairs of observations [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my NOTE: Be careful with tied observations [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my 21 22 23 24 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my How to calculate Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient? 1. 2. 3. 4. [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my Refer Example 5 pg. 140 Five students A, B, C, D, E are ranked in two subjects, statistics and computer programming with the following results. Calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Subject Student Statistics Computer List each set of scores in a column. Rank the two sets of scores. Place the appropriate rank beside each score. Head a column d and determine the difference in rank for each pair of scores. (Note: Sum of the d column should always be 0) 5. Square each number in the d column and sum the values (? d 2). 6. Use the formula to calculate the correlation coefficient. d d2 ?s ? 1 ? 6? d 2 n ( n 2 ? 1) A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 3 1 4 2 5 6 QMT412 Pn. Sanizahs Notes 02/05/2013 25 26 Refer Example 6 pg. 141 x y [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my The Regression Line d2 [emailprotected] uitm. edu. my Rank of x, Rank of y, Rx Ry d=Rx-Ry 6. 0 6. 2 6. 5 6. 8 7. 0 7. 2 7. 5 7. 8 8. 0 8. 2 8. 4 8. 7 80 80 78 75 70 60 60 55 50 48 45 40 ? Regression indicates the degree to which the variation in one variable X, is related to or can be explained by the variation in another variable Y ? Once you know there is a signif icant linear correlation, you can write an equation describing the relationship between the x and y variables. ? This equation is called the line of regression or least squares line. †¢ The equation of a line may be written as: y ? a ? bx †¢ where b is the slope of the line and a is the y-intercept. Assignment free essay sample For this assignment, you will be locating articles and texts from a variety of databases that are all commonly used in anthropological research. In addition to being able to locate articles, it is very important to be able to identify the thesis statements of the articles or texts to make sure they will be useful in your research. To begin, click on the Article Selector quiz in the left navigation menu of your online classroom. This will randomly assign you three articles, and roved you with the proper PAP citation.After you have been assigned the articles, make sure to acknowledge that you have received each of these articles and click submit. You may want to write these down in a separate document, but you can also view these in your Graduated at any time. You will not be able to access the Assignment until you have used the Article Selector. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Memorize the number of campus security. All universities have programs and resources in place to keep students safe, so familiarize yourself with the best ethos to reach the police or security office. Assignment free essay sample Drawing the Ethical Line between Right and Wrong Business decision making is derived from our ethical duties. Ethics is referred to as a set of rules and principles that determine our behavior of right from wrong. Morality the subset of ethics is a set of standards that define our character. It is a personal belief that people abide by and practice accordingly. Each is used as a foundation when deciding which philosophical perspective to follow. As a new assistance to the VP in the marketing department I must decide whether or not to dump the shipment of contaminated gourmet candies to a chain of convenience stores. The philosophical perspective that I will stand by is utilitarianism and universalism approach. These theories will explain my reasoning not to ship the tainted goods. By proceeding to ship these goods, this will negatively affect stakeholders and the company may suffer financially in the long run. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Utilitarianism is the notion of producing the greatest good for the maximum amount of people. When benefits outweigh harm, the outcome is justified even if individual rights are violated in the process. As it is stated in John R. Deckop’s article, â€Å"Theoretical Bases for Analyzing the Ethics of a Decision†, â€Å"potential outcomes of a decision should be analyzed to see who benefits and who is harmed. The decision that results in the most total benefit compared to harm is the best decision† (Deckop). From a utilitarian perspective, we must protect key stakeholders. This includes customers, shareholders, employees, community and the environment. Stakeholders are our greatest assets of the organization. By refusing to dump the goods, we are creating the greatest amount of good for stakeholders. However, the company will suffer financial loss if the goods are not shipped. The loss is minimal. If I adhere to my bosses request by shipping the goods everyone will face crippling ripple effects. The vice president concluded that â€Å"measures were taken to cure the infestation, and that the chance of at least a few people becoming ill is certain. † The key word is â€Å"chance†; it is certain that people will get sick as a result of this shipment. If the chain of convenience stores all decides to utilize the tainted goods a majority of people as a whole will get sick. In other words, small cases of people getting sick combined will be significant as a whole. The businesses in the local community may lose business because their credibility is tarnished for supplying customers with contaminated goods. Consequently, this may lead to financially ruin everyone in the process. Customers may file lawsuits and the FDA may issue fines. This will directly led to the company that sold the tainted goods to the local convenience stores. For that reason, leading the company and everyone involved in financial ruin. Therefore, the benefits of not to ship outweighs the decision to ship the goods. I, the decision-maker â€Å"believe in weighing the consequences of a decision against all affected stakeholders to the decision. It is acceptable if decisions cause harm to some, as long as the benefit that others receive outweighs the harm† (Deckop). Universalism everyone has the â€Å"fundamental right not to be violated under any circumstance† (Deckop). This concept targets the owners of the chain of convenience stores and customers buying the product. This company is exploiting the opportunity to sell gourmet candies to stores in low-income areas. Store owners are misinformed into believing they are receiving a deal in price in exchange for an expensive product. Customers are also directly affected in the process. They become victims and mislead into buying tainted products without their knowledge and risk getting sick. The vice president believes that it is right decision to ship. For the company’s benefit they will be able to recover the loss of the goods even if it causes minimal damages. However, the VP does not realize the amount of damage that this shipment can cause. Everyone involved, especially the company will be indirectly affected. According to Deckop, â€Å"no amount of good could make up for the harm that you’re causing the individual† (Deckop). This action made by the vice president will not justify or remedy the situation even if a profit is being made. As a human being it is my moral obligation not to continue with the shipment. I may face the consequences of getting fired from my job or even demoted. However, the loss that I will face is minimal in comparison to the amount stakeholders who will suffer from my actions. My decision reflects who I am as a person. I should not compromise my values in order to please my boss or to make a quick profit. The golden rule applies, â€Å"do unto others as you would have them do unto you† (Deckop). So therefore, in this particular situation, my ethical values as a person should not conflict with the decisions that I make. It’s unjustifiable for all parties involved. I must find an equal balance that will satisfy everyone. My boss may be upset with my decision not to ship the goods, but hopefully he will have a better understanding of why I chose not to. My decisions are reasoned because of my commitment to my ethical values. The purpose of using these two approaches in this situation is to find a balance When applying specific theories to a given situation a line must be drawn and having pre-knowledge chain of stores is located in low-income areas. Pre-knowledge, many store in low-income areas would not be able to afford to buy a shipment of gourmet candies Knowing that most chains in low-income areas By refusing to ship the goods, this will ultimately benefit everyone as a whole. From a utilitarian perspective, continuing to follow orders and ship the goods will only cause a ripple effect. Society as a whole will be affected, especially key stakeholders. The two approaches that I will follow in this scenario is utilitarianism and universalism When faced with a decision, the two approaches that I will take Business decision making is derived from our ethical duties. Morality Each used as a base when determining the philosophical approach on ethics. Our philosophical perspectives are based on Each coincides with our philosophical perspectives. Each coincides with the other. Our philosophical perspectives are based on Morals and ethics When faced with a decision For that reason, when faced with a decision the two philosophical ethical approaches that I will follow is utilitarianism and universalism. When dealing with an business dilemma Each are interchangeable. Ethics and moralityeach coinciding with the other. Ethics Ethical decision making stems from a moral foundation. Morals are derived from our cultural values and surroundings. Morals is the fundamental bases of right and wrong. Assignment free essay sample A rigid tank with a volume of 1. 8 m3 contains 15 kg of saturated liquid vapor mixture of water at 90oC. Now the water is slowly heated. Determine the temperature at which the liquid in the tank is completely vaporized. Also, show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation lines. (5 marks) 2. A 0. 5 m3 vessel contains 10 kg of refrigerant-134a at -20oC. Determine (a) the pressure, (b) the total internal energy, and (c) the volume occupied by the liquid phase. 8 marks) 3. A tank whose volume is unknown is divided into two parts by a partition. One side of the tank contains 0. 01 m3 of refrigerant-134a that is a saturated liquid at 0. 8 MPa, while the other side is evacuated. The partition is now removed, and the refrigerant fills the entire tank. If the final state of the refrigerant is 20oC and 400 kPa, determine the volume of the tank. (4 marks) 4. As shown in Figure 1, a 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5 m3 rigid tank containing hydrogen at 20oC and 600 kPa is connected by a valve to another 0. m3 rigid tank that holds hydrogen at 30oC and 150 kPa. Now the valve is opened and the system is allowed to reach thermal equilibrium with the surroundings, which are at 15oC. Determine the final pressure in the tank. (4 marks) Figure 1 5. Nitrogen at 150 K has a specific volume of 0. 041884 m3/kg. Determine the pressure of the nitrogen, using (a) the ideal gas equation and (b) the Beattie-Bridgeman equation. Compare your results to the experimental value of 1000 kPa. (9 marks) Date of submission: 19th October 2011 (EH2211A)/20th October 2011 (EH2201B)